Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic behavior of floating hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine (FMC) prepared using the non-solvent addition coacervation technique.

Material And Methods: Based on the physico-chemical characteristics of three formulations (FMC1, FMC2 and FMC3), FMC2 having a 1:3 ratio of cimetidine:HPMC was found optimum. For in vivo analysis, a new HPLC analytical method was developed and validated.

Impact of prescriber's handwriting style and nurse's duty duration on the prevalence of transcription errors in public hospitals.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of transcription errors in a main public hospital in Pakistan and to test the impact of medication name and dose writing styles and the nurse duty duration on the occurrence of transcription errors.

Background: Medication errors occur frequently in public hospitals. Errors occurring at the transcription stage have not been sufficiently investigated.

Massive levemir (long-acting) insulin overdose: case report.

A 52-year-old insulin-dependant diabetic man presented to the Emergency Department 2 hours after a deliberate massive overdose of 2100 units of long-acting Levemir insulin and a large quantity of whisky. On initial assessment, his GCS was 3/15 and his capillary blood sugar was 2.6 mmol/L.

Application of the piecewise rational quadratic interpolant to the AUC calculation in the bioavailability study.

This study presents an application of the piecewise rational quadratic interpolant to the AUC calculation in the bioavailability study. The objective of this work is to find an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for multiple doses of salbutamol sulfate sustained release tablets (Ventolin oral tablets SR 8 mg, GSK, Pakistan) in the group of 24 healthy adults by using computational mathematics techniques. Following the administration of 4 doses of Ventolin tablets 12 hourly to 24 healthy human subjects and bioanalysis of obtained plasma samples, plasma drug concentration-time profile was constructed.

Eudragit FS based colonic microparticls of metoprolol tartrate.

Metoprolol, a cardioselective β-blocker, is well absorbed in colon after oral administration with mean elimination half life of 3 h with bioavailability 50% due to extensive first pass effect, thus it was aimed to develop its modified release dosage form to reduce dosing frequency. Metoprolol tartrate loaded Eudragit FS microparticles were formulated using solvent evaporation technique by varying polymer contents and then compressing into tablets. The dissolution test was performed in simulated gastrointestinal fluid.

A novel granulation non-solvent addition method containing hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.

Atenolol and simvastatin were granulated in combination by non-solvent addition coacervation method to treat hypertension orally. Dissolution test was performed in water containing 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 37 0.

Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits.

The present study was undertaken to compare the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium in normal and experimentally induced diabetic state in 24 rabbits using a validated reversed phase HPLC method with a washout period of one week.Biochemical and physiological parameters were measured in normal and diabetic rabbits. Primary kinetic parameters i.

Lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits. For this purpose, forty eight albino rabbits were randomly divided into eight equal groups; untreated control on normal routine feed, untreated control on butter and cholesterol, treated control on synthetic cholesterol lowering drug simvastatin (Tablet survive (R) 20 mg), three treated groups on three respective doses of C. zeylanicum bark powder and two treated groups on water and methanol extracts of C.

Formulation development and in vitro evaluation of theophylline microcapsules.

The study was aimed to investigate microencapsulation of theophylline using different ratios of eudragit S 100 as wall material by the emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The release profiles, effect of stirring speed and different pH of dissolution medium on release profiles and stability were also studied. Various formulations of microcapsules were compressed in to tablets.

Study of pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of nefopam 30 mg tablets in twelve fasting healthy Pakistani male young subjects: single-dose, randomized, two-period, two-treatment and two-way cross-over design.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of nefopam tablets (Acupan®).

Subjects And Methods: Experimentation of this study was based on a single-dose, two-sequence, cross-over randomized design using 12 fasting healthy Pakistani male young subjects. This validated LC/MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study in 12 fasting healthy Pakistani male subjects from the blood samples taken up to 24 h after an oral dose of one tablet of 30 mg nefopam in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design.

Bioequivalence evaluation of norfloxacin tablets based on in vitro - in vivo correlation.

Present study was designed to establish in-vitro and in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) of two immediate release tablet formulations of 400mg Norfloxacin [Drug A as test and Drug B as reference]. Dissolution study was conducted in 0.1 N HCl using USP apparatus II.

Hepatoprotective studies on Haloxylon Salicornicum: a plant from Cholistan desert.

The objective was to study the in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of aerial parts of Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge (Family: Chenopodiaceae) in order to validate its traditional use in hepatobiliary disorders, by native people of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Aerial parts (ethanolic extract) of Haloxylon salicornicum (HS), (500 and 750 mg/kg/day, p.

Electronic prescribing reduces prescribing error in public hospitals.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the incidence of prescribing errors in a main public hospital in Pakistan and to assess the impact of introducing electronic prescribing system on the reduction of their incidence.

Background: Medication errors are persistent in today's healthcare system. The impact of electronic prescribing on reducing errors has not been tested in developing world.

Bioequivalence study of two brands of meloxicam tablets in healthy human Pakistani male subjects.

Meloxicam is a cyclooxygenase-2, preferential inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and belongs to an enolic acid (oxicam) class used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this single dose randomized cross-over study was to assess bioequivalence of two brands of oral meloxicam tablets (Xobix manufactured by Hilton Pharma (Pvt.) Ltd.

Development and in vitro-in vivo relationship of controlled-release microparticles loaded with tramadol hydrochloride.

In conclusion, the controlled-release microparticles of TmH can be developed via phase separation method. The development and optimization of controlled-release microparticles of tramadol hydrochloride (TmH) for the oral delivery and their in vitro and in vivo correlation was prime objective of the present study. Four formulations of controlled-released microparticles were developed and optimized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, dissolution study and release kinetics.

In vitro-in vivo correlation study on nimesulide loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles.

This study involves mathematical simulation model such as in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) development for various extended release formulations of nimesulide loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) microparticles (M1, M2 and M3 containing 1, 2, and 3 g HPMC, respectively and 1 g drug in each) having variable release characteristics. In vitro dissolution data of these formulations were correlated to their relevant in vivo absorption profiles followed by predictability worth analysis of these Level A IVIVC. Nimaran was used as control formulation to validate developed formulations and their respective models.

Formulation of two-drug controlled release non-biodegradable microparticles for potential treatment of muscles pain and spasm and their simultaneous spectrophotometeric estimation.

The objective of this study was to formulate stable and controlled release microparticles for simultaneous delivery and UV spectrophotometric detection in combined dosage of an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (nimesulide, NMS) and a spasmolytic agent (tizanidine, TZN) to maintain plasma concentration that may increase patients compliance, improved therapeutic efficacy, The aim was also to reduce severity of upper GI side effects of NMS because of alteration in delivery pattern via slow release of drug from microparticles and to increase the benefits of spasticity and disability for spastic patients by administering TZN in a modified release formulation as these two drugs are often prescribed in combination for the management of pain associated with muscles spasm. Ethyl cellulose was used as a retardant polymer. Drug-polymer and drug-drug compatibility study were conducted by different analytical tests.

Comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of investigational enteric- and film-coated formulations of flurbiprofen 100-mg tablets: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover study in healthy Pakistani male volunteers.

Background: Flurbiprofen, a chiral, 2-arylpropionic acid NSAID with analgesic and antipyretic properties, has been associated with important gastrointestinal adverse events, including peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal perforation. An investigational enteric-coated tablet formulation of flurbiprofen was produced to evaluate whether it would improve the gastric tolerability of flurbiprofen.

Objective: This study compared the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of flurbiprofen from the investigational enteric-coated tablet (test) and from a film-coated immediate-release tablet compounded for the purposes of this study (reference).

The effect of binders on the bioavailability of ofloxacin tablets in animal model.

Present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of binders on the bioavailability of the drug. Two formulations of ofloxacin were manufactured with two different binders, i.e.

Formulation and characterization of a cream containing extract of fenugreek seeds.

Fenugreek seeds possess antioxidant effects and contain a mucilage which has emollient properties. It can also produce skin healing, whitening, moisturizing, skin soothening and antiwrinkle effects. The purpose of study was to formulate a stable W/O emulsion containing fenugreek seeds extract using liquid paraffin oil.

Production and stability evaluation of modified-release microparticles for the delivery of drug combinations.

Production and evaluation of novel formulations of tizanidine and tramadol microparticles was the chief purpose of this project. Microparticles of both drugs were prepared separately via temperature change method. To extend the release of formulations, ethyl cellulose was employed.

Pharmacokinetic modelling of microencapsulated metronidazole.

The aim of present study is to develop a pharmacokinetic model for microencapsulated metronidazole to predict drug absorption pattern in healthy human and validate this model internally. Metronidazole was microencapsulated into ethylcellulose shells followed by the conversion of these microcapsules into tablets. Dissolution study of tablets was conducted in 450 mL double distilled water, 0.