Pre-exercise ingestion of a low glycaemic index rice-based mixed meal increases fat oxidation and endurance running performance in a hot-humid environment.

Relative to exercise in a thermoneutral environment, there is only limited evidence demonstrating that a low glycaemic index (LGI) pre-exercise meal can enhance endurance exercise performance in a hot-humid (HH) condition. Also, previous studies predominantly utilised Western-based and single food items, with minimal focus on Asian-based mixed meals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-exercise LGI and high glycaemic index (HGI) rice-based mixed meals on endurance performance among acclimatised trained athletes in HH condition (32 °C, 65% relative humidity).

Carbohydrate mouth rinse is no more effective than placebo on running endurance of dehydrated and heat acclimated athletes.

Purpose: To determine whether carbohydrate mouth rinsing would improve endurance running performance of tropical natives in a warm-humid (30 °C and 70% relative humidity) environment.

Method: Twelve endurance male runners [age 25 ± 3 years; peak aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text]O) 57.6 ± 3.

Do E and P contribute to the explained variance in core temperature response for trained women during exertional heat stress when metabolic rates are very high?

Purpose: Women remain underrepresented in the exercise thermoregulation literature despite their participation in leisure-time and occupational physical activity in heat-stressful environments continuing to increase. Here, we determined the relative contribution of the primary ovarian hormones (estrogen [E] and progesterone [P]) alongside other morphological (e.g.

Influence of low-level gelling agents on the dissolution and in-vitro nutrient release study of coconut water-based hydrogel.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the controlled-release properties of nutrients from coconut water-based hydrogel. Hydrogels were prepared at varying proportions of gellan and xanthan gums such that the total weight of the gelling agents for all 11 formulations was 1% (w/w) in coconut water. The formulation of the hydrogel was selected using gravimetric analysis by evaluating the dissolution weight of the hydrogel in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid.

Hypohydration but not menstrual phase influences pain perception in healthy women.

Chronic pain is a pervasive health problem and is associated with tremendous socioeconomic costs. However, current pain treatments are often ineffective due, in part, to the multifactorial nature of pain. Mild hypohydration was shown to increase experimental pain sensitivity in men, but whether this also occurs in women has not been examined.

Measurement error of self-paced exercise performance in athletic women is not affected by ovulatory status or ambient environment.

Measurement error(s) of exercise tests for women are severely lacking in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to ) determine whether ovulatory status or ambient environment were moderating variables when completing a 30-min self-paced work trial and ) provide test-retest norms specific to athletic women. A retrospective analysis of three heat stress studies was completed using 33 female participants (31 ± 9 yr, 54 ± 10 mL·min·kg) that yielded 130 separate trials.

Attenuation of stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity following high-intensity interval exercise in untrained males.

Exaggerated cardiovascular (CV) reactivity to stress is associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on CV reactivity in response to a stress challenge in untrained males. Thirteen, normotensive males (age: 22.

Menstrual phase and ambient temperature do not influence iron regulation in the acute exercise period.

The current study investigated whether ambient heat augments the inflammatory and postexercise hepcidin response in women and if menstrual phase and/or self-pacing modulate these physiological effects. Eight trained females (age: 37 ± 7 yr; V̇o: 46 ± 7 mL·kg·min; peak power output: 4.5 ± 0.

Pain Across the Menstrual Cycle: Considerations of Hydration.

Chronic pain - pain that persists for more than 3 months - is a global health problem and is associated with tremendous social and economic cost. Yet, current pain treatments are often ineffective, as pain is complex and influenced by numerous factors. Hypohydration was recently shown to increase ratings of pain in men, but studies in this area are limited ( = 3).

Differences in dry-bulb temperature do not influence moderate-duration exercise performance in warm environments when vapor pressure is equivalent.

Purpose: Recent studies have determined that ambient humidity plays a more important role in aerobic performance than dry-bulb temperature does in warm environments; however, no studies have kept humidity constant and independently manipulated temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of dry-bulb temperature, when vapor pressure was matched, on the thermoregulatory, perceptual and performance responses to a 30-min cycling work trial.

Methods: Fourteen trained male cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 year; height: 178 ± 6 cm; mass: 76 ± 9 kg; [Formula: see text]: 59 ± 9 mL kg min; body surface area: 1.

The Efficacy of Ingesting Water on Thermoregulatory Responses and Running Performance in a Warm-Humid Condition.

The understanding that fluid ingestion attenuates thermoregulatory and circulatory stress during exercise in the heat was based on studies conducted in relatively dry (∼50% RH) environments. It remains undetermined whether similar effects occur during exercise in a warm and more humid environment, where evaporative capacity is reduced. Nine well-trained, unacclimatised male runners were randomly assigned to perform four experimental trials where they ran for 60 min at an intensity of 70% VOmax followed by an incremental exercise test until volitional exhaustion.

The ergogenic potency of carbohydrate mouth rinse on endurance running performance of dehydrated athletes.

Purpose: To examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on endurance running responses and performance in dehydrated individuals.

Methods: In a double blind, randomised crossover design, 12 well-trained male runners completed 4 running time to exhaustion (TTE) trials at a speed equivalent to 70% of VO in a thermoneutral condition. Throughout each run, participants mouth rinsed and expectorated every 15 min either 25 mL of 6% CHO or a placebo (PLA) solution for 10 s.

The effect of acute pomegranate extract supplementation on oxygen uptake in highly-trained cyclists during high-intensity exercise in a high altitude environment.

Background: Recent research has indicated that pomegranate extract (POMx) may improve performance during aerobic exercise by enhancing the matching of vascular oxygen (O) provision to muscular requirements. POMx is rich in ellagitannin polyphenols and nitrates (NO), which are both associated with improvements in blood flow and O delivery. Primarily, this study aimed to determine whether POMx improves performance in a cycling time trial to exhaustion at 100%VO (TTE100%) in highly-trained cyclists.

The effects of a systematic increase in relative humidity on thermoregulatory and circulatory responses during prolonged running exercise in the heat.

This study examined the thermoregulatory and circulatory responses, and exercise performance of trained distance runners during exercise in the heat (31°C) at varying relative humidity (RH). In a randomized order, 11 trained male distance runners performed 5 60 min steady-state runs at a speed eliciting 70% of VOmax in RH of 23, 43, 52, 61 and 71%. This was followed immediately with an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion.

The effect of wearing sanitary napkins of different thicknesses on physiological and psychological responses in Muslim females.

Background: Menstruation is associated with significant unpleasantness, and wearing a sanitary napkin (SN) during menses causes discomfort. In addition, many Muslim women use a thick type of SN during menses due to the religious requirement that even disposable SNs be washed before disposal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the physiological and psychological responses to wearing SNs of different thicknesses during menstruation and non-menstruation phases at rest and during physical activity/exercise among Muslim women.

Mouth rinsing improves cycling endurance performance during Ramadan fasting in a hot humid environment.

This study examined the effect of mouth rinsing during endurance cycling in a hot humid environment (32 °C and 75% relative humidity) on athletes in the Ramadan fasted state. Nine trained adolescent male cyclists completed 3 trials that consisted of a carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR), a placebo mouth-rinse (PMR), and a no-rinse (NOR) trial during the last 2 weeks of Ramadan. Each trial consisted of a preloading cycle at 65% peak rate of oxygen consumption for 30 min followed by a 10-km time trial (TT10 km) under hot humid condition.