Nrf-2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects underlie the protective effect of esculeoside A against retinal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Esculeoside A (ESA) is a tomato-derived glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The protective effect of ESA against diabetic retinopathy is not well-investigated and was the core objective of this study. In addition, we tested if such protection involves the activation of Nrf2 signaling.

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis.

Purposes: To study the ophthalmic manifestations of patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and management in preventing the possible future complications of AFS.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 100 patients with the diagnosis of AFS from a single institution was performed. Age, gender, clinical presentation including ophthalmic and radiological findings, immune status, patterns of sinus involvement, medical and surgical intervention needed, laboratory results, and the course of the disease were evaluated.

Variable ptosis after botulinum toxin type a injection with positive ice test mimicking ocular myasthenia gravis.

We describe a patient who received cosmetic botulinum toxin type A injections to the brow and subsequently developed unilateral ptosis that was variable during examination and was transiently improved after the ice pack test. Ptosis gradually resolved spontaneously over approximately 3 months. This is the third patient to have variable ptosis documented after botulinum toxin type A injection to the brow and the second to have a positive ice test.

Solitary presumed choroidal tuberculomas masquerading as choroidal tumors.

The ocular involvement of tuberculosis is not uncommon but diverse. Rarely, patients initially present with ocular signs that simulate intraocular malignancy. We report 3 cases of isolated presumed choroidal tuberculoma masquerading as intraocular tumor.

Unilateral eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia as initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia.

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor of immature myeloid cells occurring in many extramedullary sites, orbit being one of them where the tumor may occur prior to or after the diagnosis of underlying disease. We report a case of a 17-year-old male who presented with upper eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia after presumed blunt trauma without any other clinical signs and symptoms. Initial imaging suggested possibility of subperiosteal hematoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the orbit: A tertiary eye care center experience in Saudi Arabia.

Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the 2nd most common lymphoma occurring in the orbit, after Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma. A total of 5 cases of ocular adnexal DLBCL were diagnosed over 25 years of experience at our tertiary eye care center. Two cases involved the lacrimal sac and one case involved the lacrimal gland.