Preventing bacterial adhesion to skin by altering their physicochemical cell surface properties specifically.

The adhesion of bacteria to surfaces is associated with physicochemical and biological interactions. The present investigations provide new results about the differential adhesion levels of skin bacteria using a representative 3D skin model which mainly relies on the different physicochemical properties of the respective surfaces. Modulation of the adhesion of bacteria and thus their colonization, may occur by adjusting the physicochemical properties of the epidermal and bacterial surfaces.

Advances in Microbiome-Derived Solutions and Methodologies Are Founding a New Era in Skin Health and Care.

The microbiome, as a community of microorganisms and their structural elements, genomes, metabolites/signal molecules, has been shown to play an important role in human health, with significant beneficial applications for gut health. Skin microbiome has emerged as a new field with high potential to develop disruptive solutions to manage skin health and disease. Despite an incomplete toolbox for skin microbiome analyses, much progress has been made towards functional dissection of microbiomes and host-microbiome interactions.

HCK and ABAA: A Newly Designed Pipeline to Improve Fungi Metabarcoding Analysis.

Introduction: The fungi ITS sequence length dissimilarity, non-specific amplicons, including chimaera formed during Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), added to sequencing errors, create bias during similarity clustering and abundance estimation in the downstream analysis. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel approach, Hierarchical Clustering with Kraken (HCK), to classify ITS1 amplicons and Abundance-Base Alternative Approach (ABAA) pipeline to detect and filter non-specific amplicons in fungi metabarcoding sequencing datasets.

Materials And Methods: We compared the performances of both pipelines against QIIME, KRAKEN, and DADA2 using publicly available fungi ITS mock community datasets and using BLASTn as a reference.

Mapping the Efficacy and Mode of Action of Ethylzingerone [4-(3-Ethoxy-4-Hydroxyphenyl) Butan-2-One] as an Active Agent against Bacteria.

complex (Bcc) bacteria are intrinsically antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens and key risk species in the contamination of nonfood industrial products. New agents and formulations to prevent growth of in home care (cleaning agents) and personal-care (cosmetics and toiletries) products are required. We characterized how ethylzingerone [4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one] (HEPB) acts as a preservative with activity against species encountered in industry.

Hydroxyethoxy phenyl butanone, a new cosmetic preservative, does not cause bacterial cross-resistance to antimicrobials.

Biocide-induced cross-resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria has been described and is a concern for regulators. We have recently reported on a new protocol to predict the propensity of biocide to induce phenotypic resistance in bacteria. To measure bacterial propensity to develop antimicrobial resistance following exposure to a new cosmetic preservative developed by L'Oréal R and I.

Bacterial-Chromatin Structural Proteins Regulate the Bimodal Expression of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) Pathogenicity Island in Enteropathogenic .

In enteropathogenic (EPEC), the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) encodes a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) essential for pathogenesis. This pathogenicity island comprises five major operons ( to ), with the operon encoding T3SS effectors involved in the intimate adherence of bacteria to enterocytes. The first operon, , encodes Ler (LEE-encoded regulator), an H-NS (nucleoid structuring protein) paralog that alleviates the LEE H-NS silencing.

H-NS Silencing of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 6-Encoded Type VI Secretion System Limits Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Interbacterial Killing.

The secretion of bacterial toxin proteins is achieved by dedicated machineries called secretion systems. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread versatile machine used for the delivery of protein toxins to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the expression of the T6SS genes is activated during macrophage or mouse infection.

IHF is a trans-acting factor implicated in the regulation of the proU P2 promoter.

IHF is a protein of the bacterial nucleoid proteins (NAPs for nucleoid-associated proteins) involved in DNA structuring and transcription regulation. In vivo interplay between different NAPs determines selectively the expression rate of many genes. Here, we show that IHF is a trans-acting factor implicated directly in the regulation of the proU promoter of Escherichia coli by binding specifically and solely around the promoter box.