The Intraoperative Role of Artificial Intelligence Within General Surgery: A Systematic Review.

The role of artificial intelligence has been explored in many industries across the world. The medical field is no exception with studies regarding its use for development of algorithms in cancer screening and its diagnostic utility in clinical radiology. This study aims to review current literature on intraoperative use of artificial intelligence within general surgery to identify the latest developments, the major challenges and the trajectory of this field.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary and gingival crevicular fluid concentration of visfatin in periodontal health and disease.

Background And Objective: Visfatin, a pleotropic mediator mostly produced by visceral fat, is crucial in controlling the immunological and defensive systems. It serves the roles of a cytokine, an enzyme involved in energy metabolism, and a growth factor. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing) on visfatin concentrations in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in individuals with Periodontitis (stage-II grade-A).

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of kidney: Case presentation and literature review.

Thyroid follicular carcinoma like renal tumour (TFCLRT) is a rare variant of primary renal epithelial tumour and was first reported in 2006. Up till now, 40 cases have been identified worldwide and alarmingly, 17 cases have been identified from China only. The condition has been included in the WHO Renal Tumours Classification 2016.

An Experience Of Percutaneous Peritoneal Drainage In High-Risk Perforated Peritonitis In General Surgical Ward Of Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Although conservative treatment has shown a good reduction in mortality and morbidity the majority of patients still need definitive surgery to get rid of the disease completely. It is of note that immediate laparotomy in high-risk patients who have a prolonged history or have multiple comorbidities or in organ failure is not advisable as it is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, besides improved postoperative intensive care.

Methods: We categorized these high-risk patients based on their comorbidities and then performed percutaneous peritoneal lavage to reduce the septic load from the peritoneal cavity before performing the definite procedure.

Case of Lead Poisoning Associated with Herbal Health Supplements.

Background: Lead poisoning is a chronic health condition arising from prolonged ingestion and exposure to lead above permissible limits. Although reported globally, developing countries like India and neighboring countries are amongst the most affected by lead.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate lead poisoning associated with herbal health supplements in a suspected case.

Sialic acid associated with oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) expression level as a predictive indicator in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Several studies have shown many risk factors associated with disease onset, but the sialic acid association with oxidative stress biomarkers may a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aim to find out the most specific biomarker from the peripheral blood samples in moderate to severe Alzheimer's patients.

Methods: This study examined the level of sialic acid associated with oxidative stress biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity level (TAC) in the plasma samples.

Carotid intima media thickness in children with nephrotic syndrome: an observational case control study.

Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) is considered as a surrogate marker for the various cardiovascular events that complicate nephrotic syndrome (NS). The present work was conducted to study cIMT in children with NS and to find out its correlation with dyslipidemia and other risk factors. This was a case control study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in children with NS who were more than 2 years with normal serum complement, being on therapy for NS for at least 1 year, glomerular filtration rate more than 90 ml/minute/1.

Hyperglycemia potentiates the effect of ionic calcium in photoreceptor ellipsoid zone disruption in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To study the association of serum ionic calcium and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This is a tertiary care center-based observational cross-sectional study. Sixty-three consecutive cases, divided into 21 cases each with no diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included.

Transmigration of an intrauterine device into sigmoid colon-surgical management: A case report.

We present the case of a 30 years old woman who had an Interauterine Device placed in a fragile uterus (puerperal period) 5 years ago and presented with dull abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits. Failure to pull out IUD strings on gynecological examination made us suspicious of translocated IUD and its ectopic placement in sigmoid colon was confirmed on colonoscopy and a CT abdomen with contrast. The transmigrated IUD was removed following laparotomy.

Relation of Bone Mineral Density with Homocysteine and Cathepsin K levels in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Homocysteine (HCY) interferes with collagen cross-linking in bones and stimulates osteoclast activity. The activated osteoclasts secrete cathepsin K (CathK), a cysteine protease, in eminent quantity during bone resorption. Hyperhomocysteinemia may effect bone mineral density (BMD) through CathK.

What a Trainee Surgeon Should Know About Refeeding Syndrome: A Literature Review.

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is potentially fatal, yet there is limited understanding regarding its management among general surgeons due in part to a lack of universally accepted guidelines for RFS diagnosis. The aim of this review is to equip general surgery trainees with the essentials of RFS including a review of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) best practice guidelines for RFS. We used the keywords "refeeding", "syndrome", and "hypophosphatemia" to search PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases.

TNF-α/IL-10 ratio: An independent predictor for coronary artery disease in North Indian population.

Background/aim: Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are considered as a pro inflammatory and interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti inflammatory have been shown to predict the risk of incident of CAD. Aim of present study is to examine the impact of the TNF-α and Il-10 levels on various components of the CAD.

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of BiTe through uniform dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes.

The advancement in nanostructured powder processing has attracted great interest as a cost effective and scalable strategy for high performance thermoelectric bulk materials. However, the level of technical breakthrough realized in quantum dot supperlattices/wires has not yet been demonstrated in these materials. Here, we report the first ever study on the uniform dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in nanostructured BiTe bulk, and their effect on thermoelectric parameters above room temperature.

The preparation and evaluation of salt forms of linogliride with reduced solubilities as candidates for extended release.

Salts of linogliride with reduced solubilities were prepared and evaluated as potential candidates for extended-release oral dosage forms. A once-daily dose of 300-800 mg was intended. Seven acids were selected: p-acetamidobenzoic, benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 1-napsylic, pamoic, and p-toluenesulfonic acids but only four salts were able to be prepared in suitable quantities for evaluation: linogliride pamoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, and 1-napsylate.

Paraspinal and presacral extramedullary hematopoiesis: a rare manifestation of polycythemia vera.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is characterized by the presence of hematopoietic tissue outside the bone marrow. Extrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rare and usually asymptomatic condition. We report a case of a 38-year-old female with paraspinal and presacral extramedullary hematopoiesis with polycythemia vera.

Factors contributing to lack of interest in research among medical students.

Background: Research experiences early in the medical student's education are an important factor for attracting a greater number of doctors to careers with a research component.

Objective: To determine the factors contributing to a lack of enthusiasm about research activities among medical students, and to suggest ways to help students develop an interest in research.

Design: A medical institution-based, case-control study was conducted.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a rare case report.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is an uncommon infiltrative pulmonary disease characterized by deposition of microliths in the alveoli. We present the case of a young adult with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion. Chest radiograph showed innumerable small, dense nodules, diffusely involving both the lungs - predominantly in the lower zones.

Pott's Spine: Diagnostic Imaging Modalities and Technology Advancements.

Spinal tuberculosis (TB) or Pott's spine is the commonest extrapulmonary manifestation of TB. It spreads through hematogenous route. Clinically, it presents with constitutional symptoms, back pain, tenderness, paraplegia or paraparesis, and kyphotic or scoliotic deformities.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of temporal bone.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign neoplasms frequently occurring in the long tubular bones. It is very rare in temporal bone. We report a case of ABC of the left temporal bone in an 8-year-old Asian boy who presented clinically with swelling over the left temporal region for 5 months.

Esthesioneuroblastoma: one of the causes of proptosis.

Esthesioneuroblatoma (Olfactory neuroblastoma) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium with bimodal age distribution between with first peak in second decades and second peak in sixth decade. Proptosis due to esthesioneuroblastoma is one of the rare causes. They have a long natural history characterized by frequent local or regional recurrence.

A case of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia with AZFc deletion and persistent oxidative stress.

Y-chromosomal microdeletions are associated with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. AZFc microdeletions have been always associated with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia with a rare occurrence in individuals with other infertility phenotypes. We report here a rare case of an infertile man carrying AZFc deletion, whose semen picture is oligoasthenoteratozoospermia complexed with seminal oxidative stress.

Isolated pontine tuberculoma presenting as "fou rire prodromique".

The authors present the case of a young child with "fou rire prodromique" as an initial manifestation of pontine tuberculoma. This report is the first description of fou rire prodromique as the presenting sign of CNS tuberculosis. The combination of clinical information and CT findings allowed for precise localization of the lesion and suggested tuberculoma as the possible etiology.

Role of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of scrotal swellings: pattern of disease in 120 patients with review of literature.

Purpose: To determine the value of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) as a routine investigational method for diagnosis of scrotal pathologies.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study (case series) was carried out over a period of 16 months on 122 patients in the age range of 13 to 70 years old, who presented with scrotal swellings. After adequate history taking and examination, CDUS was performed.

Efficacy and safety of artemehter-lumefantrine in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Liberia.

Objective: To assess the in vivo efficacy and adverse effects of Artemether-lumefantrine combination in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at Department of Medicine and Pathology, Pakistan Medical level II hospital, Tubmanburg and Harper from March 2009 to September 2009. One hundred subjects with positive Plasmodium falciparum rings on malaria slide fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the study.