Essentials and Pertinence of Cold Plasma in Essential Oils, Metal-Organic Frameworks and Agriculture.

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) comprises an ensemble of ionized gas, neutral particles, and/or reactive species. Electricity is frequently used to produce CAPP via a variety of techniques, including plasma jets, corona discharges, dielectric barrier discharges, and glow discharges. The type and flow rates of the carrier gas(es), temperature, pressure, and vacuum can all be altered to control the desired properties of the CAPP.

Exploring the combustion, emission and performance of n-Butanol with Deccan hemp oil methyl ester on dual fuel diesel engine.

This experiment investigated the feasibility of using n-butanol with Deccan hemp oil methyl ester derived from Hibiscus cannabinus. Deccan hemp oil, from warm countries like India is an eco-friendly alternative energy source since it is reusable and easy to locate. The Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) process made the n-butanol.

Gossypol derivate as a green anti-corrosion agent in the aqueous phase of crude oil.

Keeping recruitment of green and cost-effective solutions for environmental challenges in view, the current work was designed to solve the problems related to metal corrosion in the aqueous phases of crude oil in chemical industries. Green materials can play an important role in protecting metals from this corrosion. Hence, the green anti-corrosion material based upon gossypol derivate is suggested to solve the above problems.

Valorization of castor seed shell waste as lead adsorbent by treatment with hot phosphoric acid: Optimization and evaluation of adsorption properties.

Lead is used in many industries such as refining, mining, battery manufacturing, smelting. Releases of lead from these industries is one of the major public health concerns due to widespread persistence in the environment and its resulting poisoning character. In this work, the castor seed shell (CSS) waste was exploited for preparing a beneficial bio-adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from water.

Adsorption and desorption processes of toxic heavy metals, regeneration and reusability of spent adsorbents: Economic and environmental sustainability approach.

A growing number of variables, including rising population, water scarcity, growth in the economy, and the existence of harmful heavy metals in the water supply, are contributing to the increased demand for wastewater treatment on a global scale. One of the innovative water treatment technologies is the adsorptive removal of heavy metals through the application of natural and engineered adsorbents. However, adsorption currently has setbacks that prevent its wider application for heavy metals sequestration from aquatic environments using various adsorbents, including difficulty in selecting suitable desorption eluent to recover adsorbed heavy metals and regeneration techniques to recycle the spent adsorbents for further use and safe disposal.

Advanced photocatalysis as a viable and sustainable wastewater treatment process: A comprehensive review.

In our era, water pollution not only poses a serious threat to human, animal, and biotic life but also causes serious damage to infrastructure and the ecosystem. A set of physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been exploited to decontaminate and/or disinfect water pollutants, toxins, microbes, and contaminants, but none of these could be ranked as sustainable and scalable wastewater technology. The photocatalytic process can harmonize the sunlight to degrade certain toxins, chemicals, microbes, and antibiotics, present in water.

Phosphate adsorption on dried alum sludge: Modeling and application to treatment of dairy effluents.

This study evaluates Alum sludge from drinking water treatment plants for the efficient and cost-effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions. Extensive characterization and batch experiments have established that optimal phosphate removal was achieved with a sludge dosage of 20 g L (at an initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg L), a pH of 5, a temperature of 23 °C, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm. These conditions significantly reduced phosphate levels, ensuring compliance with legal discharge limits.

An overview on the key advantages and limitations of batch and dynamic modes of biosorption of metal ions.

Water purification using adsorption is a crucial process for maintaining human life and preserving the environment. Batch and dynamic adsorption modes are two types of water purification processes that are commonly used in various countries due to their simplicity and feasibility on an industrial scale. However, it is important to understand the advantages and limitations of these two adsorption modes in industrial applications.

Production of biochar from seeds for the crystal violet dye removal from water: combining of hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis.

Biochar has shown large potential in water treatment because of its low cost, good textural properties, and high reusability. In this study, two porous biochars were developed from the seeds via direct pyrolysis process (B-700) and through hydrothermal carbonization followed with pyrolysis (HB-700). They were characterized by morphology, structural characteristics, and surface features and used to adsorb the crystal violet (CV) dye in water environment.

Adsorptive removal of acid blue dye 113 using three agricultural waste biomasses: The possibility of valorization by activation and carbonization - A comparative analysis.

The presence of various organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater leads to serious health effects on humans and ecosystems. Industrial effluents have been considered as noticeable sources of contaminating water streams. These effluents directly liberate the pollutants such as dye molecules and heavy metal ions into the environment.

Use of Chrysosporium/carbon nanotubes for preconcentration of ultra-trace cadmium levels from various samples after extensive studies on its adsorption properties.

Carbon nanotubes were used to immobilize Chrysosporium fungus for building an adequate adsorbent to be used as an desirable sorbent for preconcentration and measurement of cadmium ultra-trace levels in various samples. After characterization, the potential of Chrysosporium/carbon nanotubes for the sorption of Cd(II) ions was scrutinized by the aid of central composite design, and comprehensive studies of sorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic aspects were accomplished. Then, the composite was utilized for preconcentration of ultra-trace cadmium levels, by a mini-column packed with Chrysosporium/carbon nanotubes, before its determination with ICP-OES.

Polydopamine-modification of a magnetic composite constructed from citric acid-cross-linked cyclodextrin and graphene oxide for dye removal from waters.

The effect of polydopamine (PDA) modification on aminated FeO nanoparticles (FeO-NH)/graphite oxide (GO)/β-cyclodextrin polymer cross-linked by citric acid (CDP-CA) composites were studied for the removal of a cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) and an anionic dye (Congo red, CR) from waters. The micro-structural and magnetic characterizations confirmed the successful preparation of FeO-NH/GO/CDP-CA and PDA/FeO-NH/GO/CDP-CA composites. The maximum MB and CR adsorption capacities of FeO-NH/GO/CDP-CA were 75 mg/g and 104 mg/g, respectively, while the corresponding amounts for PDA/FeO4-NH/GO/CDP-CA composite were 195 mg/g and 64 mg/g, respectively.

Agricultural waste biomass for sustainable bioenergy production: Feedstock, characterization and pre-treatment methodologies.

The worldwide trend in energy production is moving toward circular economy systems and sustainable availability of sources. Some advanced methods support the economic development of energy production by the utilization of waste biomass, while limiting ecological effects. The use of agro waste biomass is viewed as a major alternative energy source that expressively lowers greenhouse gas emissions.

Graphene-based materials for effective adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants: A critical and comprehensive review.

Water scarcity has been felt in many countries and will become a critical issue in the coming years. The release of toxic organic and inorganic contaminants from different anthropogenic activities, like mining, agriculture, industries, and domestic households, enters the natural waterbody and pollutes them. Keeping this in view in combating the environmental crises, removing pollutants from wastewater is one of the ongoing environmental challenges.

Adsorption performance of Enterobacter cloacae towards U(VI) ion and application of Enterobacter cloacae/carbon nanotubes to preconcentration and determination of low-levels of U(VI) in water samples.

Keeping the high potential of some microorganisms in adsorption of radionuclides in view, the adsorption properties of Enterobacter cloacae towards uranium were attentively scrutinized, and then it was used for preconcentration of uranium in different samples, using Enterobacter cloacae/carbon nanotube composite. First, using ultrasonic agitation, the effects of operational factors on biosorption of uranium on the inactive Enterobacter cloacae were appraised and modeled by central composite design, and a comprehensive study was performed on the equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic, and selectivity aspects of biosorption. The optimization studies along with the evaluations of the adsorption properties revealed that Enterobacter cloacae have a high affinity for fast and selective biosorption of uranium ions, at pH 5.

Recruiting chemical grafting method for surface modification of stainless steel to fabricate a selective sorbent for solid phase microextraction of mercury metal ion.

Keeping selectiveness and efficiency in view with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of metal ions, this work was aimed at synthesis of a novel modified sorbent on a stainless-steel surface to fabricate a selective and efficient fiber for SPME of mercury ions from real food and biological samples. After the confirmation of sorbent structure grafted on the stainless-steel surface, by different techniques, the synthesized fiber was utilized for extraction and preconcentration of mercury before its measurement by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). For optimizing the efficiency, the influences of various factors on the extraction of Hg (II) ion were scrutinized.

Ecofriendly biopolymers and composites: Preparation and their applications in water-treatment.

Over the past few decades, the term polymer has been repeatedly used in several industries for their immense characteristics in different applications. Polymers and their composites which were prepared from chemical monomer sources turned out to be potentially harmful to the environment due to their tedious degradation process. Biopolymers are natural substitutes for synthetic polymers which can be efficiently extricated from natural sources.

Acenaphthene adsorption onto ultrasonic assisted fatty acid mediated porous activated carbon-characterization, isotherm and kinetic studies.

Adsorbents originated from biological materials play a vital role in the remediation of diverse toxic pollutants due to their high efficacy, low cost and being environmentally friendly. The present study focusses on the palm shell activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste precursor (palm shell) with the aid of oleic acid activation along with ultrasonic assistance and its effective utilization for acenaphthene adsorption from aqueous and real effluent. The synthesized Ultrasonic assisted palm shell activated carbon (UAC) possessed high surface area of 506.

Effect of Mg ions on competitive metal ions adsorption/desorption on magnesium ferrite: Mechanism, reusability and stability studies.

The adsorption behavior of magnesium ferrite in single- and multicomponent metal ions solutions in the presence of Mg ions were studied. A dramatic decrease in the adsorption capacity of magnesium ferrite towards Mn, Co, and Ni ions for comparison study of single- and multicomponent solutions was established. The affinity of the sorbent in accordance with the maximum sorption capacities increases in the following order Cu > Co > Ni > Mn.

Use of NHCl for activation of carbon xerogel to prepare a novel efficacious adsorbent for benzene removal from contaminated air streams in a fixed-bed column.

Background: Ammonium chloride as an explosive salt has proved to be a prominent activation agent for adsorbents and increase the specific surface area and volume of cavities. In this work, the ability of this substance was scrutinized for activation of carbon aerogel to prepare an efficient adsorbent for benzene removal from air streams.

Methods: A carbon xerogel was fabricated from Novallac polymer and activated by ammonium chloride.

Sorption and mechanism studies of Cu, Sr and Pb ions on mesoporous aluminosilicates/zeolite composite sorbents.

The research aimed to develop a novel mesoporous aluminosilicate/zeolite composite by the template co-precipitation method. The effect of aluminosilicate (AlSi) and zeolite (NaY) on the basic properties and adsorption capacity of the resultant composite was conducted at different mass ratios of AlSi/NaY (i.e.

Effective Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Water by Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide-Modified Brown Clay.

In the present investigation, brown clay (BC) was modified with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) to produce a sorbent (DDAB-BC), which was characterized and applied for sorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. BC was functionalized using DDAB by cation exchange of the DDAB moiety with positive ions existing inside the interlayer spaces of the BC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that the -spacing of DDAB-BC became wider (3.

Application of Fusarium sp. immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for solid-phase extraction and trace analysis of heavy metal cations.

In the present work, for the first time, the filamentous fungus Fusarium sp. was utilized for devising a novel method for pre-concentration and determination of trace amounts of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions, using a mini-column packed with Fusarium-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Optimal analytical conditions including pH, ionic strength, elution solution, sample and eluent flow rates, and sample volume were determined.