International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the management of pediatric urolithiasis.

The aim of this study was to construct the sixth in a series of guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis by the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) that by providing a clinical framework for the management of pediatric patients with urolithiasis based on the best available published literature. All recommendations were summarized following a systematic review and assessment of literature in the PubMed database from January 1952 to December 2023. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology.

Predictors of successful emergency shock wave lithotripsy for acute renal colic.

The role of emergency shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in persistent pain control in patients with ureteral stones is not well established. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy as well as the predicting variables for successful early SWL patients with symptomatic ureteral stones. Eighty-six patients with a persistent renal colic secondary to single ureteral stone (6-12 mm) were prospectively enrolled in this study.

A randomised trial comparing transurethral to percutaneous cystolithotripsy in boys.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and morbidity of transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) and percutaneous CL (PCCL) in the management of bladder stones in male children.

Patients And Methods: A total of 100 boys, aged <14 years with a single bladder or urethral stone of <30 mm, were randomised into two equal groups. Initial diagnostic urethro-cystoscopy and push back of urethral stones were done for patients in both groups.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus shock wave lithotripsy for high-density moderate-sized renal stones: A prospective randomized study.

Context: The management of renal stones of high density (>1000 Hounsfield units) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), and moderate sized (15-25 mm) is still debatable.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the high-density and moderate-sized renal stones regarding the stone-free rate (SFR), morbidity, and patients' quality of life.

Settings And Design: This is a prospective randomized study.

Primary versus deferred ureteroscopy for management of calculus anuria: a prospective randomized study.

Introduction: Obstructive anuria can be managed by primary ureteroscopy (URS) or deferred URS after initial ureteral stenting. We want to compare the primary URS and deferred URS in the management of calculus anuria regarding the feasibility and clinical outcome.

Material And Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2014, 150 patients with anuria due to ureteral calculi were prospectively randomized according to the timing of ureteroscopic intervention into two groups; deferred URS group (69 patients who were treated initially by ureteral stenting) and primary URS group (81 patients who were treated by emergency URS).

Functional variants in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and toll-like receptor-4 genes are more frequent in children with febrile urinary tract infection with renal parenchymal involvement.

Aim: We studied the functional polymorphisms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) genes and risk of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children attending Assiut University Children's Hospitals, Egypt, from 2011 to 2015.

Methods: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were diagnosed in 380 children: 98 had APN and 282 had lower UTIs. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ICAM-1 and TLR-4 genes were genotyped in all subjects: ICAM-1 rs1799969 Gly241Arg, ICAM-1 rs5498 Glu469Lys, TLR-4 rs4896791 Thr399Ile and TLR-4 rs4896790 Asp299Gly.

Impact of cytokine genetic polymorphisms on the risk of renal parenchymal infection in children.

Background: Acute pyelonephritis is associated with renal scarring in up to 30% of patients. Renal scarring may cause significant long-term morbidity. The pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis remains unclear, although it involves interaction among uroepithelium, the immune system cells, and the locally produced cytokines.

Is Concealed Epispadias a Rare Variant?

Objective: To present our experience with concealed epispadias and to estimate its actual share in the isolated male epispadias cases and its effect on the surgical outcome.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with isolated male epispadias treated in our center between 2008 and 2015 were classified into concealed and classic epispadias. The 2 groups were compared regarding age at presentation, meatal location, incontinence, dorsal curvature, success rate, and complications.

Management of neobladder complications: endoscopy comes first.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the functional outcome after endoscopic management of neobladder complications.

Materials And Methods: Out of 197 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction between 2007 and 2013, 30 patients with delayed postoperative complications were enrolled in this study. Complications were in the form of: eight patients with outflow obstruction, 12 with ureteroenteric stricture, nine with neobladder calculi and one with an isolated recurrent papillary tumor inside the neobladder.

Is Tamsulosin Effective after Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Pediatric Renal Stones? A Randomized, Controlled Study.

Purpose: We assessed the effect of tamsulosin as an adjunctive therapy after shock wave lithotripsy for pediatric single renal pelvic stones.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 children with a unilateral single renal pelvic stone were included in a prospective randomized, controlled study. All children were randomized to 2 equal groups.

Alterations of mTOR and PTEN protein expression in schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.

Background: mTOR signaling pathway is commonly activated in cancer. PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, is a potent inhibitor of this pathway. To date the expression pattern of mTOR and PTEN in schistosomal bladder squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma was not investigated.

Ketamine versus magnesium sulfate with caudal bupivacaine block in pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery: A prospective randomized observer-blinded study.

Introduction: Possible approaches for postoperative analgesia after pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery are caudal block by bupivacaine/ketamine (BK) and bupivacaine/magnesium sulfate (BM).

Aim: The purpose of the following study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of ketamine and magnesium sulfate in combination with bupivacaine for caudal blockade in pediatric patients after inguinoscrotal operations.

Materials And Methods: Patients randomly received one of the two solutions for caudal epidural injection after induction of general anesthesia.

Impact of common functional polymorphisms in renin angiotensin system genes on the risk of renal parenchymal scarring following childhood urinary tract infection.

Background: Pathogenesis of renal parenchymal scarring (RPS) after acute pyelonephritis (APN) is unclear. The risk of RPS varies markedly among individuals, suggesting a genetic role.

Objective: To investigate a possible role of common polymorphisms in renin angiotensin system genes in APN-associated RPS in children.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of "on-demand" tramadol for treatment of premature ejaculation.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the dose-related effects of tramadol on a group of patients with premature ejaculation (PE).

Subjects And Methods: During the period of months between June 2010 and July 2012, 180 PE patients presented to outpatient clinic of our hospital. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion to receive different sequences of the three medications: placebo, 50 mg of tramadol and 100 mg of tramadol.

Uronephrological outcomes of patients with neural tube defects. Does a spina bifida clinic make a difference?

Objective: To review the uronephrological outcomes of myelomeningocele (MMC) patients attending a Spina Bifida Clinic.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients from the combined Spina Bifida Clinic, at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 1999 and 2009 who had at least one year of follow-up with us. We examined their demographic data, uronephrological status at presentation, most recent follow-up, and the rate of surgical intervention.

Outcomes of a minimally invasive surgical approach to manage persistent high-grade vesicoureteric reflux post successful augmentation cystoplasty of patients with non-compliant bladder.

Introduction: Secondary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a common problem associated with non-compliant bladders. Management of this disorder is debatable in literature. Many authors reported high resolution rate of VUR with augmentation cystoplasty (ACP) alone.

Hyperuricemia: a possible cause of hemospermia.

Objective: To report our experience with hemospermia and its relation to hyperuricemia.

Patients And Methods: Between July 2005 and July 2012, 143 patients with hemospermia presented to the outpatient clinic in our hospital. History, examination, workup, treatment outcomes, and long-term follow-up were reported in a prospective database.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: A preliminary report.

Objectives: The recurrence of pediatric nephrolithiasis, the morbidity of repeated open surgical treatment as well as our experience in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in adult patients, all derived us to shift to PNL for managing renal stones >1.5 cm in pediatric patients. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PNL in pediatric patients.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the oblique supine lithotomy position and prone position: a comparative study.

Objectives: To compare the safety, efficacy, and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the oblique supine lithotomy position vs the prone position in a randomized comparative study.

Patients And Methods: The study included 101 and 102 patients in the oblique supine lithotomy position and prone position, respectively. Inclusion criteria were renal and upper ureteral stones.

Dissolution therapy versus shock wave lithotripsy for radiolucent renal stones in children: a prospective study.

Purpose: We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of dissolution therapy and standard shock wave lithotripsy as a noninvasive modality for radiolucent renal stones in children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 87 children with radiolucent renal calculi were included in study. Median age was 2.

False fracture of the penis: Different pathology but similar clinical presentation and management.

Introduction: Penile fracture is the most common presentation of acute penis. Rupture of the superficial dorsal penile vein (s) may mimic penile fractures with similar clinical presentation but with intact corporeal bodies. Our aim of the study is to highlight superficial dorsal penile vein (s) injury as true emergency with better prognosis.

Management of symptomatic ureteral calculi during pregnancy: Experience of 23 cases.

Purpose: To present our experience in the management of symptomatic ureteral calculi during pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three pregnant women, aged between 19 and 28 years presented to the obstetric and urology departments with renal colic (17 cases, 73.9%) and fever and renal pain (6 cases, 26.

Long anterior urethral stricture: Reconstruction by dorsally quilted penile skin flap.

Objectives: We'd like to present our experience in treating long (>5 cm) anterior urethral stricture by penile skin flap as dorsal on-lay in one-stage procedure.

Patient And Methods: Between January 1998 and December 2010, 18 patients (aged from 28-65 years) presented with long urethral stricture, 5.6-13.

Which type of urethroplasty in failed hypospadias repair? An 8-year follow up.

Objective: To report our 8-year follow up for redo hypospadias repair.

Methods: A total of 56 patients with previous failed hypospadias repair were included in our study. Patients' data were analyzed regarding age, number of previous repairs, meatal location, procedure performed, operative time and complications.