Effect of the addition of Chitosan and TiOnanoparticles on antibacterial properties of an orthodontic composite in fixed orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial study.

Due to the existing demands for methods independent of patient co-operation in preventing and overcoming the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) and caries in fixed orthodontic treatments, several studies have considered the modification of orthodontic composites using antimicrobial nanomaterials. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the addition of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) and TiONPs on() counts and the enamel mineral content in fixed orthodontic patients. A double-blind randomized clinical trial study was carried out in 24 patients (i.

Variations in Orofacial Clefts.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to report the prevalence and other relative risk factors of oral clefts among newborn infants.

Methods: In this study, we reviewed the data regarding 234 infants with cleft anomalies as collected in questionnaires from 2004 to 2019 and demographic parameters were assessed.

Results: Cleft lip and palate was the most common anomaly (66.