The prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and its association with opium use among outpatients in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study in Andkhoy city.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and the association between cigarette smoking and opium use among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients aged 18 years and older from January 2018 to April 2018. Data on patients' sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected using an interview-based survey.

Anxiety and Depression among Hypertensive Outpatients in Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Andkhoy City.

There is a relationship between mental and physical health. Depression and anxiety are linked with the development of several chronic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among adult hypertensive outpatients in Afghanistan.

Left ventricular hypertrophy and proteinuria in patients with essential hypertension in Andkhoy, Afghanistan.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and proteinuria are known as independent predictors of cardiovascular death in hypertension. However, LVH and its association with proteinuria have not been investigated in adult hypertensive patients in Afghanistan. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of LVH and the correlation between LVH and proteinuria among the Afghan adult hypertensive population visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan.

Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Patients in the Northern Part of Afghanistan: a Cross-Sectional Study in Andkhoy City.

Background: The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiovascular risk factors remains controversial. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection among Afghan patients warranted the investigation of this association.

Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Dyspeptic Patients in Andkhoy Afghanistan.

Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be more than 50% worldwide. It has been associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Esophageal Cancer and associated Factors among Uzbek-Turkmen and Other Ethnic Groups in the Northern Part of Afghanistan.

Background: A high incidence rate of esophageal cancer has been observed in the Northern part of Afghanistan, particularly among those of Uzbek-Turkmen ethnicity. However, there is a paucity of published data from which to compare the prevalence of environmental risk factors for esophageal cancer between Uzbek-Turkmen and other ethnic groups. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of environmental risk factors associated with esophageal cancer in the Northern part of Afghanistan, focusing on ethnicity differences.