Proband-Only Exome Sequencing for Intellectual Disability in Iran: Diagnostic Yield and Genetic Insights.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a leading cause for referral to genetic services, with the most severe cases typically attributed to single genetic defects. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of cost-effective proband-only exome sequencing for individuals diagnosed with ID within the Iranian population for the first time where a high rate of parental consanguinity exists. A total of 99 unrelated patients with ID were investigated by exome sequencing during 8 years.

Comparison of the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate in treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease.

A large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate on EDS and side effects. Fifty nine patients with PD and EDS [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) more than 9] were recruited in a double-blind placebo controlled trial.

Comparative study of epilepsy registry system in America, England, Australia, and Iran.

Background: Disease registries are one of the important steps in the development of health information systems. The aim of this study was to compare epilepsy registration systems in the United States, England, and Australia and propose a National Epilepsy Registry System for Iran.

Materials And Methods: This study was a descriptive-comparative study conducted between 2020 and 2023, which involved the following steps: identification and selected countries with advanced registry systems in the world and Identification of their characteristics and comparison with each other.

Anti-inflammatory-antioxidant modifications and synbiotics improved health-related conditions in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: A single-center, randomized clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: There is growing evidence that dietary modification can improve clinical manifestations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to assess the impact of synbiotics and anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet on fatigue, pain, gut and bladder status, and sexual function in patients with progressive forms of MS.

Materials And Methods: In this single-center, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, seventy participants with three forms of progressive MS (primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing) were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics supplement and anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet or a placebo along with their usual diet for a duration of four months.

New Daily Persistent Headache (NDPH): Unraveling the Complexities of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment.

Purpose Of Review: The current article aims to provide an overview of new daily persistent headache (NDPH), with a particular emphasis on its pathophysiology, evaluation, and current treatment options.

Recent Findings: NDPH is an uncommon and heterogeneous condition associated with various comorbidities and is of great significance due to its prolonged duration and high severity. Variable causes and clinical aspects of NDPH may reflect differences in its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including genetics, environmental triggers, neuroinflammation, and brain changes.

Third COVID-19 vaccine dose for people with multiple sclerosis who did not seroconvert following two doses of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated vaccine: A pilot study on safety and immunogenicity.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on anti-CD20 therapies (aCD20) and fingolimod have shown inadequate humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines.

Objective: The objective of the study was to pilot larger studies by demonstrating the safety and comparing the immunogenicity of different types of third doses in seronegative pwMS after two doses of BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine.

Methods: In December 2021, subject to receiving their third dose, being COVID-19-naiive, and receiving no corticosteroid within two months, we measured the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG in pwMS seronegative after two shots of BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine.

Establishing a minimum data set for Parkinson's (PMDS) in Iran.

Background: The minimum data set (MDS) is one of the important steps in the development of health care information systems. According to the Ministry of Health in Iran, a central and national registry along with Parkinson's MDS (PMDS) has not yet existed. So, this research was conducted to establish a PMDS in Iran.

Prevalence, clinical, imaging, electroencephalography and laboratory characteristics of seizures in COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 is the cause of the recent pandemic. Viral infections could increase the risks of neurological impairments, including seizures. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical, imaging, electroencephalography and laboratory characteristics of seizures in COVID-19.

Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial.

Background: Current evidence has demonstrated that patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have dysbiotic gut microbiomes, and anti-inflammatory nutritional interventions can normalize this status. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary intervention in patients with progressive forms of MS.

Methods: Seventy patients with three forms of progressive MS (primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing) were randomly assigned into intervention (daily synbiotics capsule plus anti-inflammatory-antioxidant rich diet) or control (placebo capsule plus dietary recommendations) groups for four months.

Comparison of pramipexole and citalopram in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized parallel-group trial.

Background: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is little evidence to guide depression treatment in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare citalopram and pramipexole in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with PD.

Can Early Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Protocol Improve Disability after a Hemiparetic Stroke? A Pilot Study.

The impairment of limb function and disability are among the most im portant consequences of stroke. To date, however, little research has been done on the early reha bilitation trial (ERT) after stroke in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ERT neuromuscular protocol on motor function soon after hemiparetic stroke.

Artificial intelligence analysis to explore synchronize exercise, cobalamin, and magnesium as new actors to therapeutic of migraine symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Migraine is recognized as a complex neurological disorder that has imposed a social burden. We assessed the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms based on the in silico analysis and predicted drug candidates by the biomedicine approach. Moreover, we evaluated high-intensity interval training and vitamin B12 + magnesium on women's migraine attacks and inflammatory status.

SARS-CoV-2 serology among people with multiple sclerosis on disease-modifying therapies after BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated virus vaccination: Same story, different vaccine.

Background: Various studies indicated blunted humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA and viral vector vaccines among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators and anti-CD20 therapies (aCD20); however, limited evidence was found regarding SARS-CoV-2 serology after inactivated virus vaccination.

Objective: To provide evidence regarding humoral response to COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccination among pwMS on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: A cohort study was carried out in Isfahan, Iran, enrolling DMT-exposed pwMS and unexposed (UX) healthy participants.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of methylphenidate and modafinil in the treatment of daily drowsiness in patients with refractory epilepsy and their comparison with the control group.

Background: Various articles show the high prevalence of sleep disorders and especially excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with refractory epilepsy and the importance of personal and social burden of this complication on individuals. Considering the insufficient evidence to draw efficacy and safety of modafinil and methylphenidate to treat EDS in the patient with intractable seizures, we decided to compare the effect of methylphenidate and modafinil with the control group. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for further studies.

Clinical outcomes of transverse myelitis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody versus negative cases among adults in Isfahan, Iran: A comparative study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with transverse myelitis (TM) and compare the clinical and imaging characteristics of MOG immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive with negative cases. This cohort study enrolled 71 patients diagnosed with new-onset of TM who were being followed at a referral university clinic in Isfahan, Iran, from November 2016 to January 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and blood samples for anti-MOG, anti-aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4) (using the cell-based technique), and vasculitis-related antibodies were collected from patients.

The effect of fampridine on the risk of seizure in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Fampridine was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to improve walking in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which was demonstrated by an increase in their walking speed. Nevertheless, the medication has been reported to possess an epileptogenic effect since it blocks the voltage-gated potassium channels in neural fibers. Several studies have indicated that the risk of seizure among fampridine consumers is not substantially higher than that in the general MS population, however.

The effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical controlled trial.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is proposed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet might have a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of PD and its complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with PD.

The effects of Mediterranean diet on severity of disease and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in patients with Parkinson's disease: a single center, randomized controlled trial.

Parkinson's disease (PD) as one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders may be affected by healthy dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) on serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and disease severity in PD patients. In this single-center randomized clinical trial, patients with idiopathic PD ( = 80) were selected randomly allocated to either MeD or control group (Iranian traditional diet); an individualized dietary plan based on the MeD was designed.

Tongue Protrusion Dystonia in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration.

Background: Tongue protrusion dystonia is an uncommon focal dystonia involving the lingual muscles. Causes of tongue protrusion dystonia include tardive dystonia, posthypoxic dystonia, neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Method: We summarize three children with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration and tongue protrusion dystonia.

Association of dietary patterns with systemic inflammation, quality of life, disease severity, relapse rate, severity of fatigue and anthropometric measurements in MS patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with changes in quality of life, disability, fatigue and anthropometric measurements. The important relationship of dietary patterns with such clinical manifestations was not completely investigated. The goal of this study was to define the dietary patterns and their association with systemic inflammation, Health-Related Quality Of Life, disease severity, Relapse Rate, severity of fatigue and anthropometric measurements in MS subjects.

Predicting Long-Term Cardiovascular Events after Transient Ischemic Attacks: Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness or ABCD2 Score or Both?

Background: Patients who experienced transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at high-risk for cardiovascular events. This study aims to evaluate diagnostic value of carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ABCD2 score for predicting cardiovascular events in long-term follow-up after TIA. We prospectively included sixty patients with TIA who admitted to hospital from March 2016 to August 2016.

Demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease in Isfahan, Iran.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Its worldwide incidence rate varies between 18 and 418 cases per 100000 annually. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim to identify the clinical characteristics and demographic features of a huge number of patients with PD in Isfahan, Iran.