Transfer learning and self-distillation for automated detection of schizophrenia using single-channel EEG and scalogram images.

Schizophrenia (SZ) has been acknowledged as a highly intricate mental disorder for a long time. In fact, individuals with SZ experience a blurred line between fantasy and reality, leading to a lack of awareness about their condition, which can pose significant challenges during the treatment process. Due to the importance of the issue, timely diagnosis of this illness can not only assist patients and their families in managing the condition but also enable early intervention, which may help prevent its advancement.

COV-MobNets: a mobile networks ensemble model for diagnosis of COVID-19 based on chest X-ray images.

Background: The medical profession is facing an excessive workload, which has led to the development of various Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems as well as Mobile-Aid Diagnosis (MAD) systems. These technologies enhance the speed and accuracy of diagnoses, particularly in areas with limited resources or remote regions during the pandemic. The primary purpose of this research is to predict and diagnose COVID-19 infection from chest X-ray images by developing a mobile-friendly deep learning framework, which has the potential for deployment in portable devices such as mobile or tablet, especially in situations where the workload of radiology specialists may be high.

MedViT: A robust vision transformer for generalized medical image classification.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have advanced existing medical systems for automatic disease diagnosis. However, there are still concerns about the reliability of deep medical diagnosis systems against the potential threats of adversarial attacks since inaccurate diagnosis could lead to disastrous consequences in the safety realm. In this study, we propose a highly robust yet efficient CNN-Transformer hybrid model which is equipped with the locality of CNNs as well as the global connectivity of vision Transformers.

Classification of sleep apnea using EMD-based features and PSO-trained neural networks.

In this study, we propose a method for detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on the features extracted from empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the neural networks trained by particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the classification phase. After extracting the features from the intrinsic mode functions (IMF) of each heart rate variability (HRV) signal of each segment, these features were applied to the input of popular classifiers such as multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN), Naïve Bayes, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighborhood (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM) were applied. The results show that the MLPNN learned with back propagation (BP) algorithm has a diagnostic accuracy of less than 90%, and this may be due to being derivative based property of the BP algorithm, which causes trapping in the local minima.

Image-Based Gating of Intravascular Ultrasound Sequences Using the Phase Information of Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Coefficients.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a widely used interventional imaging technique for the assessment of atherosclerosis plaque. Due to pulsatile heart motions, transverse and longitudinal motions are observed during in vivo pullbacks of IVUS sequences. These motion artifacts can mislead the volume-based data retrieved from IVUS studies and hinder the visualization of the vessel condition.

A new nonparametric statistical approach to detect lumen and Media-Adventitia borders in intravascular ultrasound frames.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is widely known as a powerful interventional imaging modality for diagnosing atherosclerosis, and for treatment planning. In this regard, the detection of lumen and media-adventitia (MA) borders is considered to be a vital process. However, the manual detection of these two borders by the physician is cumbersome due to the large number of frames in a sequence.

Investigation of eye movement pattern parameters of individuals with different fluid intelligence.

Eye movement studies are subject of interest in human cognition. Cortical activity and cognitive load impress eye movement influentially. Here, we investigated whether fluid intelligence (FI) has any effect on eye movement pattern in a comparative visual search (CVS) task.

An efficient neural network based method for medical image segmentation.

The aim of this research is to propose a new neural network based method for medical image segmentation. Firstly, a modified self-organizing map (SOM) network, named moving average SOM (MA-SOM), is utilized to segment medical images. After the initial segmentation stage, a merging process is designed to connect the objects of a joint cluster together.

Towards automatic detection of atrial fibrillation: A hybrid computational approach.

In this study, new methods coupling genetic programming with orthogonal least squares (GP/OLS) and simulated annealing (GP/SA) were applied to the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. Empirical equations were obtained to classify the samples of AF and Normal episodes based on the analysis of RR interval signals. Another important contribution of this paper was to identify the effective time domain features of heart rate variability (HRV) signals via an improved forward floating selection analysis.

Modifying the cosine model for nonstationary blood flow signal simulation.

Objective: The most important features of the Doppler signal are its nonstationary nature and randomness, which make simulating these kinds of signals difficult. Our intent was to create realistic simulations of these signals.

Methods: We generated the Doppler signal for the carotid artery by using the cosine model.