This study investigates whether contagious infectious diseases affect stock market outcomes. As a natural experiment, we use panel data analysis to test the effect of the COVID-19 virus, which is a contagious infectious disease, on the Chinese stock market. The findings indicate that both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and in total cases of death caused by COVID-19 have significant negative effects on stock returns across all companies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To quantify the pain experienced by orthodontic patients during the first 10 days of appliance placement, to determine whether chewing gum reduces orthodontic pain compared to placebo, and to examine patients' overall perceptions of the impact of orthodontic pain.
Methods: Patients bonded with fixed appliances were randomly assigned to one of two groups (gum group [GG] or placebo group [PG]) and then followed for 10 days. The main outcome was a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and the secondary outcomes included patients' subjective assessments of overall pain level, the impact of pain on hygiene habits and treatment decision, and the frequency of analgesics consumption.