Fast preconcentration of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in liquid milk by syringe solid-phase extraction using alginate and PVA biopolymer loaded with activated carbon.

The simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Pb(II) and Cu(II) was afforded by a Syringe Solid Phase Extraction (SSPE) technique, which was developed and described for the first time, exploiting the alginate/carbon/PVA (ACP) sorbent as a support material. Imperative experimental factors were appraised in detail: pH 5.0 for Pb(II) and 4.