Characterization and validation of a spontaneous acute and protracted oxycodone withdrawal model in male and female mice.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that may lead to physical dependence, in addition to affective disorders. Preclinical models are essential for studying the neurobiology of and developing pharmacotherapies to treat these problems. Historically, chronic morphine injections have most often been used to produce opioid-dependent animals, and withdrawal signs indicative of dependence were precipitated by administering an opioid antagonist.

Knowledge and Attitude of the General Public Toward Palliative Care in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Palliative care is directed to relieve the symptoms of serious and life-threatening illnesses. Unfortunately, it's usually provided lately in the disease course in developing countries due to a lack of awareness about its concept, which deprives many patients of its benefits. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of the Jordanian general public toward palliative care.

Effect of vitamin E on doxorubicin and paclitaxel-induced memory impairments in male rats.

Purpose: In addition to peripheral neuronal dysfunction, conventional chemotherapy can be associated with other neurological treatment-limiting adverse effects, including cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, and anxiety, which are referred to as "chemobrain". This study aimed to investigate the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAC) on learning and memory in rats using radial arm water maze (RAWM) and investigated a potential beneficial effect of vitamin E (Vit. E).

Preclinical comparison of antinociceptive effects between ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and acetaminophen on acid-stimulated body stretching and acid-depressed feeding behaviors in rats.

Pain is a major problem that burdens the health and economy of societies worldwide. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are over-the-counter medications that are widely indicated for mild to moderate pain conditions. Clinically, the selection of a medication among this class is mainly based according to both patient's and doctor's previous experiences.

Healthcare students' mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown and distance learning.

Background: The sudden shift into distance learning during the coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown might have impacted university students' well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate undergraduate healthcare university students' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its predictors during COVID-19.

Methods: A cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire.

Preclinical assessment of tramadol abuse potential: Effects of acute and repeated tramadol on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.

Background: Tramadol is a widely used analgesic that activates mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. This mixed pharmacology may limit both its own abuse potential and its modulation of abuse potential of other MOR agonists.

Aims: This study used an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure to compare abuse-related effects produced by acute or repeated treatment with tramadol or morphine in rats.

Management of Sickle Cell Disease Pain among Adolescent and Pediatric Patients.

Management of sickle cell pain in adolescent and pediatric patients is inadequate, and the employment of proper management guidelines and practices are highly variable among different regions and populations. APPT, the multidimensional adolescent pediatric pain tool, promotes optimal pain management and introduces best practical guidelines for pain management. The goal of this study is to assess pain and pain management among young patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) by introducing the APPT as a tool for pain management, and analyze factors contributing to pain management.

Effects of combined swimming exercise and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on inflammatory nociception in rats.

Pain is a growing health problem with an increasing prevalence, and represents a large burden worldwide. Pain control can be achieved through pharmacological and non-pharmacological (such as exercise) interventions. The prolonged use of analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is accompanied by numerous side effects.

Morphometric Study of the Hard Palate and Its Relevance to Dental and Forensic Sciences.

This study was conducted to identify the morphometric features of the hard palate and to test the reliability of using palatal morphology in sex determination. Three hundred maxillary casts were collected from dental clinics in north Jordan. The age and gender of the patient and the serial number for each cast were recorded.

Effects of acute and repeated treatment with the biased mu opioid receptor agonist TRV130 (oliceridine) on measures of antinociception, gastrointestinal function, and abuse liability in rodents.

Rationale: TRV130 (oliceridine; N-[(3-methoxythiophen-2-yl)methyl]-2-[(9 R)-9-pyridin-2-yl-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]ethanamine) is a novel mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist that preferentially activates G-protein versus β-arrestin signaling pathways coupled to MORs. Prevailing evidence suggests that TRV130 and other G-protein-biased MOR agonists may produce therapeutic analgesic effects with reduced adverse effects compared to existing MOR agonists.

Effects of repeated morphine on intracranial self-stimulation in male rats in the absence or presence of a noxious pain stimulus.

Research on opioid analgesics such as morphine suggests that expression of abuse-related effects increases with repeated exposure. Repeated exposure to opioids often occurs clinically in the context of pain management, and a major concern for clinicians is the risk of iatrogenic addiction and dependence in patients receiving opioids for treatment of pain. This study compared abuse-related morphine effects in male rats in an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure after repeated treatment either with morphine alone or with morphine in combination with a repeated noxious stimulus (intraperitoneal administration of dilute acid).

Effects of ketoprofen, morphine, and kappa opioids on pain-related depression of nesting in mice.

Pain-related functional impairment and behavioral depression are diagnostic indicators of pain and targets for its treatment. Nesting is an innate behavior in mice that may be sensitive to pain manipulations and responsive to analgesics. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a procedure for evaluation of pain-related depression of nesting in mice.

Differential tolerance to morphine antinociception in assays of pain-stimulated vs. pain-depressed behavior in rats.

In preclinical research on pain and analgesia, noxious stimuli can stimulate expression of some behaviors (e.g. withdrawal reflexes) and depress others (e.

Effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists in assays of acute pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in male rats: role of μ-agonist efficacy and noxious stimulus intensity.

Pain is associated with stimulation of some behaviors and depression of others, and μ-opioid receptor agonists are among the most widely used analgesics. This study used parallel assays of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in male Sprague-Dawley rats to compare antinociception profiles for six μ-agonists that varied in efficacy at μ-opioid receptors (from highest to lowest: methadone, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, buprenorphine, and nalbuphine). Intraperitoneal injection of diluted lactic acid served as an acute noxious stimulus to either stimulate stretching or depress operant responding maintained by electrical stimulation in an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS).

Effects of the novel, selective and low-efficacy mu opioid receptor ligand NAQ on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.

Rationale: Low-efficacy mu opioid receptor agonists may be useful for some clinical indications, but clinically available low-efficacy mu agonists also have low selectivity for mu vs. kappa opioid receptors. NAQ (17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14ß-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-[(3'-isoquinolyl)acetamido]morphinan) is a novel opioid receptor ligand with low-efficacy at mu receptors and greater mu-receptor selectivity than existing low-efficacy agonists.

Abuse-related effects of µ-opioid analgesics in an assay of intracranial self-stimulation in rats: modulation by chronic morphine exposure.

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is an operant procedure in which responding is maintained by electrical brain stimulation. Stimulation frequency can be varied rapidly to maintain a wide range of baseline response rates, and drugs' effects can be evaluated simultaneously on both low ICSS rates maintained by low stimulation frequencies and high ICSS rates maintained by high stimulation frequencies. ICSS 'facilitation' indicates drug-induced increases in low ICSS rates and is often considered an abuse-related effect, whereas ICSS 'depression' indicates decreases in high ICSS rates and may indicate abuse-limiting effects.

Role of µ-opioid receptor reserve and µ-agonist efficacy as determinants of the effects of µ-agonists on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.

The net effect of µ-opioid receptor agonists on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats reflects an integration of rate-increasing and rate-decreasing effects. Previous opioid exposure is associated with tolerance to rate-decreasing effects and the augmented expression of abuse-related rate-increasing effects. This finding was replicated here with morphine.

Effects of the δ opioid receptor agonist SNC80 on pain-related depression of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats.

Unlabelled: The delta opioid receptor agonist SNC80 produces both antinociceptive and antidepressant effects in rodents. This profile suggests that SNC80 may also reverse prodepressant effects of pain. Accordingly, this study compared SNC80 effects in complementary assays of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in rats.

Some determinants of morphine effects on intracranial self-stimulation in rats: dose, pretreatment time, repeated treatment, and rate dependence.

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is a procedure used to evaluate the abuse liability of drugs. The μ opioid receptor agonist morphine is an acknowledged drug of abuse, and this study examined factors that may influence expression of abuse-related morphine effects on ICSS in rats. Adult male rats were equipped with intracranial electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle, and 10 stimulus frequencies (56-158 Hz in 0.