The use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH): a retrospective study.

Purpose: As most of the cases of avascular necrosis (AVN) in Saudi Arabia is seen in young population and as literature showed good effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in reducing pain and oedema in avascular necrosis and delaying the need of surgical intervention. Our purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of ESWT in reducing pain, improving range of motion (ROM) and delaying the surgical intervention in patient with AVN of femoral head and compare our results to published literature.

Material And Methods: We have treated 24 patients, 13 males and 11 females with a mean age of 29 years (range 14-48) with 34 hips affected.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Diagnosing primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex and can be very challenging. In addition, information about the prognostic factors is limited.

Aims: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors that impact pSS-ILD survival.

Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common subtype of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Information about the associated comorbidities and predictors of survival among Saudi patients with IPF is limited.

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics, associated comorbidities, and prognostic factors that impact IPF survival.

Clinical significance of minor salivary gland biopsy in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Background: Significant overlap may occur between idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and connective tissue diseases (CTDs) that do not meet the established classification criteria for any known CTDs (i.e., occult CTD).

Idiopathic myositis ossificans of the deltoid muscle: A case report with unique presentation and MRI findings.

Introduction: Myositis ossificans of the deltoid muscle is extremely rare. We present a case with unique presentation and MRI findings.

Case Report: A 21-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of a swelling in lateral aspect of the right arm.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: Unusual presentation.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNEC) is an abnormal proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells that occur without underlying etiology. Here, we report a unique case of 55-year-old female with unusual presentation of DIPNECH and thymoma and on the background history of Crohn's disease that might point toward an autoimmune phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, there were no previous reports of DIPNECH with either thymoma or Crohn's disease.

A study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific causes of osteoporosis with emphasis on the emphysema phenotype.

Background: Osteoporosis, the most common extra-pulmonary complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may be related to general causes or COPD-specific causes such as low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and hypoxia. A few studies reported that emphysema is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. However, other workers considered the association to be confounded by low FEV1 and low body mass index (BMI) which cluster with emphysema.

Can computed tomography and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient diagnose an asthma-like phenotype in COPD?

Background And Objective: Post-mortem and computed tomography (CT) studies indicated that emphysema is a feature of COPD even in the 'blue bloater/chronic bronchitis' type. We aim to test the hypothesis that the non-emphysematous patients are distinct from the main body of COPD and are more akin to asthmatic patients.

Methods: We studied 54 patients with COPD.

Autoimmune symptoms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical significance.

Background And Aims: Information regarding autoimmune symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for connective tissue disease in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of IPF patients with and without autoimmune symptoms.

Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with IPF (N = 96) from January 2008 to December 2012 were included.

Outcome of pulmonary embolism and clinico-radiological predictors of mortality: Experience from a university hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the outcome of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the clinico-radiological predictors of mortality in a university hospital setting.

Methods: A Prospective observational study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh Saudi Arabia between January 2009 and 2012. A total of 105 consecutive patients (49.

Cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum cytokine levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Studies have demonstrated associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We therefore examined polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and compared the serum levels of these cytokines in IPF patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, we examined the association of the studied genotypes and serum cytokine levels with physiological parameters and the extent of parenchymal involvement determined by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Pulmonary hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A single center experience.

Context: Several international studies have described the epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, information about the incidence and prevalence of PH in Saudi Arabia is unknown.

Aims: To report cases of PH and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of PH due to various causes in a Saudi population.

Comparison of three groups of patients with usual interstitial pneumonia.

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with lungdominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD) with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) who do not meet the criteria for any form of CTD, and to compare these parameters with those of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/UIP) and CTD-associated-UIP.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 118 patients diagnosed with UIP [LD-CTD, n = 28; CTDUIP, n = 29; and IPF/UIP, n = 61]. We compared the clinical characteristics, physiological findings, serum albumin concentrations, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging data, and outcomes among the three groups and used Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis to identify variables associated with an increased risk of death.

Hyperphosphatasemia in an adult. Clinical, conventional roentgenographic, and CT findings.

A 47-year-old Saudi deaf lady with short stature presented being unable to walk. She had long standing diffuse skeletal deformities, and progressive head enlargement. She had markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.

Prediction of pulmonary hypertension in patients with or without interstitial lung disease: reliability of CT findings.

Purpose: To study the reliability of pulmonary vascular measurements based on computed tomography (CT) in the prediction of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with advanced interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared with those without ILD.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. All patients gave written informed consent.

Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: Clinical features and outcomes in Arab patients.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurs in many patients with interstitial lung disease, including sarcoidosis. We explored the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of PH in Arab patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Methods: A retrospective study in three tertiary hospitals was performed on 96 patients who underwent Doppler echocardiography.

Bilateral intraductal papillomas arising in ectopic axillary breast tissue synchronously with right breast intraductal carcinoma.

This study describes a case of 45-year-old woman with a mass developed in the right breast. Physical examination revealed a 3 cm painless mass in the right breast as well as diffuse bulge in both axillary regions, though no significant lymphadenopathy was evident. Mammogram and ultrasound examination were carried out and showed malignant mass in the right breast and ectopic breast tissue in both axillae with multiple intraductal papillomas.

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of temporomandibular joint derangement in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Objective: To highlight the importance of MRI in evaluation of the tempromandibular joint (TMJ).

Methods: The MRI examination was performed at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with the approval from the local ethics committee, on 34 patients (68 joints) between January 2006 and November 2007, in which 10 were considered asymptomatic subjects (control). The remaining had symptoms and signs of TMJ pain or dysfunction, including limitation of movement and clicking.

The utility of unenhanced helical CT in assessing the frequency of ureterolithiasis in Saudi patients.

Objective: To identify 650 patients who underwent CT for renal colic, and review them for age and gender, in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Scans were performed on a 16 multislice scanner. A total of 650 patients, with the clinical suspicion of ureteric colic were reviewed; 220 females (33.

Thoracoscopic treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst in a child.

Hydatid disease has a wide geographic distribution around the world. In human, the lungs are the second most commonly affected sites. Pulmonary hydatidosis is much more frequently encountered in children than in adults.

Patterns of radiographic changes in hands and feet of rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the pattern of radiographic changes in the hands and feet of rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi patients.

Methods: The radiographs of hands and feet of rheumatoid arthritis patients attending rheumatology outpatient clinics of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period extending from March to June 2001, were examined and reported for the presence of osteopenia, joint space narrowing, and erosions.

Results: Fifty-six rheumatoid arthritis patients were studied.

Traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm.

A case report of a 5 years old male child, with a history of crash injury--(blunt trauma)--on the chest. Computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest revealed an aneurysm involving the arch of the aorta. An aortogram showed its exact extension.

Acute retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses in children.

Objective: Acute retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess is a rare but serious disease in children. We reviewed our experience highlighting some of the unusual features of our cases.

Methods: Medical records of children less than 12-years-old who were admitted to King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over a 10- year period with final diagnosis of deep neck infection, were reviewed.