miRNAs Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response: A Systematic Review.

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, although a high number of patients fail to respond to ICIs, which is partially due to the ability of tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the immune evasion of tumor cells, and there is thus growing interest in elucidating whether these miRNAs could be targetable or proposed as novel biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response to ICIs. We therefore performed an extensive literature analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of miRNAs with a confirmed direct relationship with treatment response to ICIs.

Sodium Selenite Modulates Global Activation of Proinflammatory M1-like Macrophages, Necroinflammation and M1-like/M2-like Dichotomy at the Onset of Human Type 1 Diabetes.

Aim: The study aims to show that sodium selenite (Ss) would have an immunomodulatory effect on the functional activity of proinflammatory macrophages (Mφs) during their extended extracellular activation at the onset of human type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Background: Exacerbated activation of proinflammatory "M1" macrophages (Mφs) can promote chronic local pancreatic islet inflammation and T1D development.

Objective: We investigated the ex vivo effects of Ss on the immune modulation of global/extended activation of human proinflammatory M1-like Mφs.

The Endothelial Glycocalyx and Neonatal Sepsis.

Sepsis carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality in newborns, especially preterm-born neonates. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium, with important vascular barrier function and cell adhesion properties, serving also as a mechano-sensor for blood flow. eGC shedding is recognized as a fundamental pathophysiological process generating microvascular dysfunction, which in turn contributes to multiple organ failure and death in sepsis.

Long Non-Coding RNAs as Epigenetic Regulators of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immunity.

In recent years, cancer treatment has undergone significant changes, predominantly in the shift towards immunotherapeutic strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the clinical efficacy of many of these inhibitors, the overall response rate remains modest, and immunotherapies for many cancers have proved ineffective, highlighting the importance of knowing the tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity of each malignancy in patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention for their ability to control various biological processes by targeting different molecular pathways.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of in Hospital Settings.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridia strains in a hospital environment in Algeria and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics and biocides. (2) Methods: Five hundred surface samples were collected from surfaces in the intensive care unit and surgical wards in the University Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria. Bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined by the E-test method.

Clinical and immunological aspects of microRNAs in neonatal sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis constitutes a highly relevant public health challenge and is the most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that during infection epigenetic changes may occur leading to reprogramming of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation by short non-coding RNAs (e.

miRNA-23b as a biomarker of culture-positive neonatal sepsis.

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability to quickly and accurately diagnose neonatal sepsis based on clinical assessments and laboratory blood tests remains difficult, where haemoculture is the gold standard for detecting bacterial sepsis in blood culture. It is also very difficult to study because neonatal samples are lacking.