Publications by authors named "Ahhyung Choi"
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 treatments nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMVr) and molnupiravir (MOL) by comparing acute complications in treated versus untreated patients.
- Data from nationwide databases were used to analyze results from over 700,000 NMVr users and over 150,000 MOL users, focusing on specific cardiac and neurological events.
- The findings revealed that both NMVr and MOL users had a lower risk of certain serious side effects like atrial fibrillation and dysgeusia, suggesting these treatments may be effective in reducing acute complications linked to COVID-19.
Aim: To evaluate whether the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors which have shown potential neuroprotective effects, is associated with lower risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and comorbid mental disorders, who are considerably more susceptible to dementia.
Methods: Using the nationwide healthcare data of South Korea between 2010 and 2022, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with T2D and comorbid mental disorders initiating SGLT2 inhibitors versus active comparator (Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors). Hazard ratios (HRs) and rate differences (RDs) per 1000 person-years of incident dementia were estimated after weighting by propensity score fine stratification method.
Introduction: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy may improve insulin sensitivity, and its impact during pregnancy remains unclear. We aimed to assess the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with anti-TNF treatment among pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods: This nationwide cohort study included patients with IBD in Korea from 2010 to 2021.
Article Synopsis
- Patients with kidney disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19, even after vaccination, compared to those without kidney disease.
- A study utilized a large Korean COVID-19 registry and NHIS claims data to analyze the risk of infection and severe outcomes among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without kidney disease.
- Results indicated that kidney disease patients experienced higher risks of COVID-19 infection and severe health complications post-infection, emphasizing the need for continued vigilance in their care post-vaccination.
Background: Oral retinoids are used to treat various dermatological conditions, and their use is increasing in women of childbearing age. However, there is limited knowledge on the incidence of adverse outcomes after retinoid exposure during pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with oral retinoid exposure during pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study examined the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and both short- and long-term neuropsychiatric issues using large cohorts from Korea and Japan, finding elevated risks compared to general population groups and those with other respiratory infections.
- - A variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as cognitive deficits, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, showed notably increased long-term risk after infection, particularly influenced by the severity of COVID-19 and vaccination status.
- - The heightened risk for neuropsychiatric problems was most significant within the first six months post-infection, remaining relevant for about a year in Korea and longer in Japan, with findings consistent across both cohorts, adding to the knowledge on long COVID and its diverse impacts.*
Background: Cancer patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes and are susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular safety of COVID-19 vaccination for cancer patients in South Korea.
Methods: We conducted a self-controlled case series study using the K-COV-N cohort (2018-2021).
Objective: To evaluate the association between antibiotic use during pregnancy or early infancy and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
Design: Nationwide population based cohort study and sibling analysis.
Setting: Korea's National Health Insurance Service mother-child linked database, 2008-21.
Background: There is limited evidence on the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination during pregnancy and lactation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and lactation and reporting risk of adverse pregnancy or lactation outcomes.
Methods: Using VigiBase, we performed a disproportionality analysis with case/non case design.
Aim: To explore the risk of breakthrough infection among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risk of severe clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection according to vaccination status.
Materials And Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using South Korea's linked database of nationwide COVID-19 registry and claims data between 2018 and 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breakthrough infections were measured in 1:1 propensity-score (PS)-matched fully vaccinated patients with versus without T2D (full-vaccination cohort), and HRs for all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission/mechanical ventilation (MV) use, and hospitalizations after SARS-CoV-2 infection were measured in 1:1 PS-matched T2D patients with versus without full-vaccination (T2D cohort).
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine trends in the incidence and burden of pertussis among adults ≥50 years in South Korea, with/without pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. The nationwide Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database was used to identify patients ≥50 years diagnosed with pertussis (2009-2018). Mean annual incidence of pertussis per 100 000 persons and overall mean incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated for patients with pre-existing COPD or asthma versus those with neither.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Existing data on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during late pregnancy is well established, providing assurance. However, the use of NSAIDs during early pregnancy remains inconclusive owing to conflicting findings on adverse neonatal outcomes as well as the limited data on adverse maternal outcomes. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether early prenatal exposure to NSAIDs was associated with neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are increasingly used during pregnancy; however, several observational studies have raised concerns about an increased risk of specific types of congenital malformations.
Objective: To examine the association between PPI exposure during early pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database of South Korea (2010-2020); sibling-controlled analyses were conducted to account for familial factors.
Article Synopsis
- A nationwide cohort study from South Korea analyzed the effects of prenatal and infant exposure to acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) on the risk of allergic diseases in children, using data from over 4 million mother-child pairs.
- The study specifically evaluated medications like histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), aiming to account for possible confounding factors, including familial influences.
- Results indicated a slight increase in the overall risk of allergic diseases, with hazard ratios suggesting a correlation between ASM exposure and conditions like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, although food allergy results showed less clarity.
The phenotypes of atopic dermatitis (AD) are diverse, and ethnic differences have been suggested. To date, few studies have explored large-scale national data on the treatment patterns of AD in Asians. Therefore, we aimed to examine real-world treatment patterns for AD, including the probability of discontinuation of AD treatment and restart after discontinuation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Korea's national health insurance authority introduced a drug utilization review modernization pilot project in which health professionals provided follow-up services to monitor adverse drug events. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the project on clinical and economic outcomes.
Methods: We conducted difference-in-differences analysis using National Health Insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.
Article Synopsis
- Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed during pregnancy, but there's uncertainty about their potential to cause birth defects; this study investigates the link between benzodiazepine use in the first trimester and major congenital malformations.
- The research utilized Korea's healthcare database, examining 3,094,227 pregnancies between 2011 and 2018, with data showing a higher risk of malformations in pregnancies where mothers used benzodiazepines compared to unexposed pregnancies.
- Results indicated an adjusted relative risk of 1.09 for overall malformations and 1.15 for heart defects, with risks increasing with higher doses, suggesting a dose-response relationship; the study maintained robustness across various analyses while acknowledging some limitations.
Exploration of Proton Pump Inhibitors Use During Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.
JAMA Netw Open
September 2021
This cohort study examines whether proton pump inhibitor use during pregnancy is associated with the rate of preeclampsia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To detect the signals for drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives (DCOCs) and describe the reporting pattern of adverse events (AEs) caused by DCOCs compared with levonorgestrel/desogestrel/gestodene-containing (second/third generation) oral contraceptives.
Design: A descriptive analysis of claims data.
Setting: The Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database from 1 February 2008 to 31 December 2017.