Multimodal imaging of a case of intraretinal silicone oil in an eye with retinochoroidal coloboma: Insights into possible routes of migration.

Purpose: We report multimodal imaging of intraretinal silicone oil in a case operated for coloboma-associated retinal detachment (RD) and provide imaging based anatomical insights of the route on entry of intraretinal emulsified silicone oil droplets.

Method: A 19-year-old male presented with gradual onset diminution of vision in right eye for several years with worsening for 1 month. The patient was evaluated with examination, multimodal imaging, including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, multicolor imaging, and green reflectance imaging.

OCT Angiography characteristics of Bilateral Mactel type 1: revealing the Aneurysmo occlusive variety.

Purpose: To report OCTA (Optical coherence tomography angiography) characteristics of bilateral MacTel type 1 with capillary obliteration.

Method: Colour fundus photo (CFP), OCT angiography (OCTA), Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), Fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Result: We describe three cases of bilateral MacTel Type 1 with a special emphasis on OCTA characteristics.

An update of multimodal imaging in white dot syndrome.

The white dot syndromes are a group of phenotypically similar disorders characterized by multiple lesions at the level of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. Common white dot syndromes whose imaging modalities have been described in this article are multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, punctate inner choroidopathy, serpiginous choroiditis, and birdshot chorioretinopathy. The various imaging modalities help us to better understand the pathophysiology of the various entities and help in diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosticating them.

Hyperreflective Ganglion Cell Layer Band in Gyrate Atrophy.

We have described the hyperreflective ganglion cell layer band (HGCB) in a series of cases of gyrate atrophy. Clinical fundus examination and multimodal imaging which included optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done in all cases. Four patients (one male, three female) were studied.

Bilateral Central serous chorioretinopathy in a case of surgically treated Optic Disc Pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To report occurrence of central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR) which mimicked recurrence of ODP maculopathy in a young adult in whom surgery for the same had been done.

Methods: Clinical fundus examination and multimodal imaging which included optical coherence tomography(OCT) and fundus autofluorescence(FFA) was done.

Results: Patient had undergone surgery for ODP maculopathy.

Corneal foreign body post laser in-situ keratomileusis: Diagnosis, management, outcome and review of literature.

Purpose: To report a case of metallic corneal foreign-body (CFB) penetrating the Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap and its successful outcome. To highlight usefulness of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) in diagnosis and management of post-LASIK CFB. To enumerate other similar cases published in literature.

Subretinal hyporeflective globule: A novel OCT finding in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe the subretinal hyporeflective globule in cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of CSC presenting to a tertiary eye care center in eastern India was conducted. Subretinal hyporeflective globules were identified as small globular lesions below the external limiting membrane/ellipsoid zone, but above the RPE layer.

Pupil vignetting artifact on optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To discuss the features of an artifact on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), termed "pupil vignetting artifact," and describe how it may masquerade as true chorioretinal pathology.

Design: This was a retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: The authors studied 12 eyes at a vitreoretinal clinic in Eastern India, reviewing a dark shadow such as an artifact on OCTA images.

Multicolor imaging: Current clinical applications.

Multicolor (MC) imaging is an innovative pseudocolor fundus imaging modality based on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. It effectively scans the retina at different depths to create a composite image. The green reflectance image depicts the middle retinal while blue reflectance image provides images of the retinal surface.

ANGULAR SIGN OF HENLE FIBER LAYER HYPERREFLECTIVITY IN PURTSCHER AND PURTSCHER-LIKE RETINOPATHY.

Purpose: Angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity is a marker of Henle fibre layer ischemia. Our aim is to describe angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity as a novel optical coherence tomography sign in Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Methods: Here, we present three cases, one classical Purtscher retinopathy and two Purtscher-like retinopathy who had angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Case of Nonresectable Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Palpebral Conjunctiva.

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in eyelid and orbital malignancies is not well defined. It has been tried with good success in cases of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma but there is very limited literature on its role in cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. A 54-year-old man presented with gradually increasing swelling of the right upper eyelid for the past 2 years.

Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO).

Purpose Of Review: Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a cause of large intestinal dilation and obstruction without any physical transition point. It remains difficult to diagnose and treat. We review the recent updates on diagnosis and management of ACPO.

Concomitant paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy in eyes post-blunt trauma.

Purpose: To analyze the imaging characteristics and the clinical course of patients showing concomitant paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) post-blunt trauma.

Methods: PAMM and AMN lesions post-blunt trauma diagnosed on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) were recruited for the study.

Results: : Thirteen eyes of 13 individuals with a history of blunt trauma were included in the study, of whom 11 (85%) were males.

Validation of a pre-endoscopy risk score for predicting the presence of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a U.S. population.

Background And Aims: Surveillance of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) may lead to early gastric cancer detection. Our purpose was to externally validate a predictive model for endoscopic GIM previously developed in a veteran population in a second U.S.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: incidence of variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis undergoing transesophageal echocardiography.

Background: The presence of esophageal varices is considered a relative contraindication to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) by cardiology professional societies, so gastroenterologists are often consulted to perform upper endoscopy prior to TEE in patients with cirrhosis.

Aim: To perform a systematic review to quantify the risk of bleeding complications in patients with cirrhosis following TEE.

Methods: Two reviewers searched Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process and EMBASE databases from January 1992 to May 2021 for studies reporting bleeding complications from TEE in patients with cirrhosis.

High Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Delta Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Are Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Cancer.

Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker for cirrhosis and non-liver malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR in a diverse cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with HCC between 2008 and 2017 at two large US health systems.

Nutrition from the kitchen: culinary medicine impacts students' counseling confidence.

Background: Although a poor diet is the number one risk factor for early death in the United States and globally, physicians receive little to no training in dietary interventions and lack confidence counseling patients about lifestyle modifications. Innovative, interprofessional strategies to address these gaps include the emergence of culinary medicine, a hands-on approach to teaching the role of food in health outcomes. We sought to assess the impact of a culinary medicine elective on counseling confidence, awareness of an evidence-based approach to nutrition, and understanding of the role of interprofessional teamwork in dietary lifestyle change among medical students at one undergraduate medical school.

Split- versus single-dose preparation tolerability in a multiethnic population: decreased side effects but greater social barriers.

Background: This study was performed to compare patient-reported tolerability and its barriers in single- vs. split-dose 4-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparation for colonoscopy in a large multiethnic, safety-net patient population.

Methods: A cross-sectional, dual-center study using a multi-language survey was used to collect patient-reported demographic, medical, socioeconomic, and tolerability data from patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy.