The precise location of "Midshaft" clavicle fractures: Scrimmaging from the 42 yard-line.

Background: The realities of midshaft clavicle fracture distribution have not been described accurately. Consequently, a topographical depiction of midshaft clavicle fractures may help design implants that are more anatomically concordant with the fractured clavicle, leading to better outcomes and fewer complications.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and end-stage kidney disease.

Aims: The mortality rate for -COVID-19 infection varies significantly depending on age and comorbidities but remains high in hospitalized patients overall. Several retrospective studies have identified patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) to be at increased risk. The objective of this study was to study in-hospital outcomes of ESKD patients at an academic medical center and identify characteristics that place them at a higher risk for in-hospital mortality.

Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e.

Functional ultrasound imaging of the human spinal cord.

Utilizing the first in-human functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) of the spinal cord, we demonstrate the integration of spinal functional responses to electrical stimulation. We record and characterize the hemodynamic responses of the spinal cord to a neuromodulatory intervention commonly used for treating pain and increasingly used for the restoration of sensorimotor and autonomic function. We found that the hemodynamic response to stimulation reflects a spatiotemporal modulation of the spinal cord circuitry not previously recognized.

Task-based functional neuroimaging in infants: a systematic review.

Background: Infancy is characterized by rapid neurological transformations leading to consolidation of lifelong function capabilities. Studying the infant brain is crucial for understanding how these mechanisms develop during this sensitive period. We review the neuroimaging modalities used with infants in stimulus-induced activity paradigms specifically, for the unique opportunity the latter provide for assessment of brain function.

Social vulnerability, medical care access and asthma related emergency department visits and hospitalization: An observational study.

Background: The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a publicly available dataset to identify communities in greatest need of resources.

Objective: To examine the utility of using the county-level SVI as predictors of asthma-related outcomes.

Methods: We used the American Community Survey-derived SVI and the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network - Query Tool to retrieve data for all counties with available SVI data and at least one matched outcome of interest.

Innovation in Resident Selection: Life Without Step 1.

Introduction: The announcement of Step 1 shifting to a Pass/Fail metric has prompted resident selection committees (RSCs) to pursue objective methods of evaluating prospective residents. Regardless of the program's specialty or affiliated hospital/school, RSCs universally aim to recognize and choose applicants who are an "optimal fit" to their programs. An optimal fit can be defined as a candidate who thrives in the clinical and academic setting, both contributing to and benefiting from their respective training environments.

Innovation in Orthopaedic Surgery Education: Novel Tools for Modern Times.

Orthopaedic residency training has and will continue to evolve with a wide variety of changes. Hands-on surgical simulation "boot camps," computerized simulation of surgical process, and even virtual reality simulators, all can help trainees acquire surgical experience without compromising patient care. Low-cost training modules help remedy the rising costs associated with teaching complex orthopaedic surgery skills.

Comparing the Use of Axillary Radiographs and Axial Computed Tomography Scans to Predict Concentric Glenoid Wear.

Background: Axillary radiographs traditionally have been considered sufficient to identify concentric glenoid wear in osteoarthritic shoulders; however, with variable glenoid wear patterns, assessment with use of computed tomography (CT) has been recommended. The purpose of the present study was to compare the use of axillary radiographs and mid-glenoid axial CT scans to identify glenoid wear.

Methods: Preoperative axillary radiographs and mid-glenoid axial CT scans for 330 patients who underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty were reviewed.

Outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with excessive glenoid retroversion: a case-control study.

Background: Ideal management of severe glenoid retroversion during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains controversial, as previous reports have suggested that severe retroversion may negatively impact clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of severe glenoid retroversion on clinical and radiographic TSA outcomes using a standard glenoid component, as well as to compare outcomes among patients with less severe retroversion.

Methods: A case-control study was performed comparing 40 patients treated with TSA with more than 20° of glenoid retroversion preoperatively (average follow-up, 53 months) vs.

Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts on Strain NF54.

Background: Malaria is one of the most important life-threatening infectious diseases in the tropics. In spite of the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapy, reports on reduced sensitivity of the parasite to artemisinin in Cambodia and Thailand warrants screening for new potential antimalarial drugs for future use. Ghanaian herbalists claim that has antimalarial activity.

Does radial head implant fixation affect functional outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Radial head arthroplasty is used in the treatment of nonreconstructible radial head fractures. Although traditional implants have been loosely fixed, smooth stemmed implants functioning more as spacers, modern designs have introduced press-fit, tapered implants that articulate at the capitellum with more rigidly maintained congruity. Cemented implants also use rigid initial fixation.

Gorham Disease.

Gorham disease, a rare condition of unknown etiology, presents as skeletal lucency on radiographs, prompting the classic eponym of vanishing bone disease. Initial clinical presentation varies considerably but typically involves prolonged soreness in the affected region and, rarely, acute pathologic fracture. The nonspecific nature of complaints, lack of markers of systemic illness, and rarity of the disease contribute to delayed diagnosis.

Paediatric tonsillectomy: parental experience and outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate parental experience, satisfaction and outcomes following their child's tonsillectomy surgery.

Design: Structured postal questionnaire sent to the parents or guardians of 77 sequential children undergoing elective day-case tonsillectomy.

Subjects: Seventy-seven children with a mean age of 6.

Extended coverage first-pass perfusion imaging using slice-interleaved TSENSE.

Parallel imaging applied to first-pass, contrast-enhanced cardiac MR can yield greater spatial coverage for a fixed temporal resolution. The method combines rate R=2 acceleration using TSENSE with shot-to-shot interleaving of two slices. The square root R SNR loss is largely compensated for by a longer effective repetition time (TR) and increased flip angle associated with slice interleaving.

Qualitative assessment of regional left ventricular function can predict MRI or radionuclide ejection fraction: an objective alternative to eyeball estimates.

Purpose: Assessment of left ventricular function is important in patients with heart disease. We hypothesized that regional wall motion assessed qualitatively by cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).

Methods: The correlations between MRI EF and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) score index and a modified ASE score index were established in 117 subjects.

Multislice first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI: validation in a model of myocardial infarction.

The purpose of this study was to validate a first-pass MRI method for imaging myocardial perfusion with multislice coverage and relatively small analyzable regions of interest (ROIs). A fast gradient-echo (FGRE) sequence with an echo-train (ET) readout was used to achieve multislice coverage, and a high dose of a contrast agent (CA) was used to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Dogs (N = 6) were studied 1 day after reperfused myocardial infarction, and fluorescent microspheres were used as a standard for perfusion.

Arterial wall MRI characteristics are associated with elevated serum markers of inflammation in humans.

Inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis, but assessment in humans is largely restricted to measurement of markers in blood. We determined whether MRI properties of large arteries were associated with markers of inflammation in serum. Double inversion recovery, fast spin-echo images of the common carotid arteries and infrarenal aorta were obtained at 1.

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for measurement of left ventricular volumes.

Left ventricular (LV) volumes are important prognostic indexes in patients with heart disease. Although several methods can evaluate LV volumes, most have important intrinsic limitations. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3D echo) is a novel technique capable of instantaneous acquisition of volumetric images.