Early IGF-1 Gene Therapy Prevented Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults under 40 years old. Once primary injury occurs after TBI, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are triggered, contributing to the development of many TBI-induced neurological deficits, and reducing the probability of critical trauma patients´ survival. Regardless the research investment on the development of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatments, most pre-clinical studies have failed to report significant effects, probably because of the limited blood brain barrier permeability of no-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Extradural minipterional approach: Evolving indications of the minipterional craniotomy.

Background: In this paper, we report a clinical series of skull base lesions operated on trough the MiniPT, extending its application to skull base lesions, either using the classical minipterional or a variant, we call extradural minipterional approach (MiniPTEx).

Methods: We describe our surgical technique of operating on complex skull base lesions using a minipterional extradural approach. Anterior clinoidectomy, middle fossa peeling, transcavernous, and Kawase approaches were performed as needed.

The "Brain Stress Timing" phenomenon and other misinterpretations of randomized clinical trial on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Clipping and coiling are currently the two alternatives in treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. In spite of some meritorious analysis, further discussion is helpful to understand the actual state of art. Retreatment and rebleeding rates clearly favors clipping, although short-term functional outcome seems to be beneficial for clipping, while this different is not such if we perform the comparison at a longer follow up.

Spontaneous Regression of a True Intracanalicular Fusiform Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm After Endovascular Treatment of an Associated Dural Arteriovenous Fistula.

Background: Ophthalmic trunk aneurysms associated with other vascular malformations are extremely rare, and little is known regarding its natural history and options of treatment.

Case Description: We present the interesting case of a 51-year-old man who was admitted with progressive visual loss secondary to a concurrent fusiform ophthalmic trunk aneurysm associated with a dural arteriovenous fistula. He was treated with transarterial embolization of the fistulous point.

Acute Deafness: A Rare Complication of Shunting.

Background: Mild hearing loss following shunting has been described; however, severe auditory impairment associated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an uncommon, rarely reported phenomenon. Treatment options and pathophysiologic considerations are discussed in this case report.

Case Description: A 27-year-old man who was treated for an eighth cranial nerve schwannoma with complete resection and a VP shunt 10 years previously presented to the emergency department with acute severe hearing loss and headache.