Assessment of health impacts in retired antisera-producing horses: Blood biochemistry and serum amyloid A analysis.

Background And Aim: Horses used for antisera production are repeatedly hyperimmunized to produce high levels of specific antibodies. This prolonged process can lead to various health issues, including amyloidosis, which involves the accumulation of amyloid proteins in organs and tissues, potentially causing organ dysfunction and failure. These horses are often retired when they no longer produce adequate antibody levels.

Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing genes in an integrated poultry-fish farming system in Bogor, Indonesia.

Background And Aim: The excessive use of antimicrobials in livestock farming leads to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This study aimed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing genes in integrated poultry-fish farms in Bogor, Indonesia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 256 samples were collected from six poultry-fish farms.

LC-MS metabolomics and molecular docking approaches to identify antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds from L. Leaf.

The dried leaves of Melastoma malabathricum L. locally named Karamunting or Senduduk, is traditionally consumed in many regions in Indonesia as herbal tea to cure different illnesses, including diabetes. To date, information on the compounds responsible for their antidiabetic activity is still very rare.

Morphology, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of Causing Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Indonesia.

is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffaloes and cattle. The disease causes serious problems in Indonesian livestock and is classified as a serious transmissible animal disease. Previous research has determined the diversity of using a serotyping method based on the antigenic properties of capsule polysaccharides.

Isolation and characterization of an orthoreovirus from Indonesian fruit bats.

Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) is an emerging bat-borne virus and causes respiratory tract infections in humans sporadically. Over the last two decades, several strains genetically related to NBV were isolated from humans and various bat species, predominantly in Southeast Asia (SEA), suggesting a high prevalence of the NBV species in this region. In this study, an orthoreovirus (ORV) belonging to the NBV species was isolated from Indonesian fruit bats' feces, tentatively named Paguyaman orthoreovirus (PgORV).

Fibropreventive and Antifibrotic Effects of Uncaria gambir on Rats with Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis causes scar tissue formation that disrupts the functioning of the lungs. (Hunter) Roxb (hereafter gambir)-a plant native to West Sumatra in Indonesia-contains flavonoid (+)-catechin, which has strong antioxidant activity and can be used to combat pulmonary fibrosis. This random in vivo experimental study analyzed the antifibrotic effect of gambir on the lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced fibrosis.

A sequential toggle cell-SELEX DNA aptamer for targeting Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Background: Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands caused by a microbial infection. The common bacteria causing this infection in dairy farms are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. The aptamer is a new biosensor platform for detecting pathogens; however, its use for simultaneous detection of S.

Effects of ethanol extract of curry leaves () on HER2 and caspase-3 expression in rat model mammary carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/erbB2/neu) is a prognostic factor and biomarker for detecting mammary tumor malignancy. Leaves of curry () contain alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds that can be cytotoxic to tumor cells. Caspase-3 is an indicator of apoptosis in tumor cells.

First Molecular Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Beef Cattle in West Java, Indonesia.

Coxiella burnetii is a bacterial pathogen that causes Q fever, which is widespread worldwide. Livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main sources of C. burnetii infection.

Mosquito-borne viruses, insect-specific flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), Banna virus (family Reoviridae, genus Seadornavirus), Bogor virus (unassigned member of family Permutotetraviridae), and alphamesoniviruses 2 and 3 (family Mesoniviridae, genus Alphamesonivirus) isolated from Indonesian mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes transmit many kinds of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), and numerous arboviral diseases have become serious problems in Indonesia. In this study, we conducted surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses at several sites in Indonesia during 2016-2018 for risk assessment of arbovirus infection and analysis of virus biodiversity in mosquito populations. We collected 10,015 mosquitoes comprising at least 11 species from 4 genera.

Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Japan and Southeast Asia, 2016-2018.

During 2016-2018, we conducted surveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mosquitoes and pigs in Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that our isolates (genotypes Ia, Ib, III, IV) were related to JEV isolates obtained from the same regions many years ago. Indigenous JEV strains persist in Asia.

Detection and isolation of tick-borne bacteria (Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp.) in Amblyomma varanense ticks on lizard (Varanus salvator).

Ticks are one of the arthropods that play an important role in the transmission of numerous pathogens to livestock and humans. We investigated the presence of tick-borne bacteria in 23 Amblyomma varanense that fed on a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Indonesia. Anaplasmataceae and borreliae were detected by PCR in 17.

Production and characterization of Newcastle disease antibody as a reagent to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool.

Aim: This research was conducted to produce and characterize ND antibody as reagent candidate to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool.

Materials And Methods: Four New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study and divided into two groups. First group was injected by Sato ND antigen, and second group was injected by genotype VII ND antigen.

Detection of novel gammaherpesviruses from fruit bats in Indonesia.

Bats are an important natural reservoir of zoonotic viral pathogens. We previously isolated an alphaherpesvirus in fruit bats in Indonesia, and here establish the presence of viruses belonging to other taxa of the family Herpesviridae. We screened the same fruit bat population with pan-herpesvirus PCR and discovered 68 sequences of novel gammaherpesvirus, designated 'megabat gammaherpesvirus' (MgGHV).

Pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from vaccinated chicken in West Java, Indonesia.

Aim: This research was conducted to differentiate and characterize eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates collected from vaccinated chicken at commercial flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014 and 2015 by pathotype specific primers.

Materials And Methods: A total of eight NDV isolates collected from clinical outbreaks among commercial vaccinated flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014, and 2015 were used in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and differentiate virulence of NDV strains, using three sets of primers targeting their M and F gene.

Divergent bufavirus harboured in megabats represents a new lineage of parvoviruses.

Bufavirus is a recently recognized member of the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae. It has been reported that human bufavirus was detected predominantly in patients with diarrhoea in several countries. However, little is known about bufavirus or its close relatives in nonhuman mammals.

Detection of novel polyomaviruses in fruit bats in Indonesia.

Bats are an important natural reservoir for a variety of viral pathogens, including polyomaviruses (PyVs). The aims of this study were: (i) to determine which PyVs are present in bats in Indonesia and (ii) to analyze the evolutionary relationships between bat PyVs and other known PyVs. Using broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, we screened PyV DNA isolated from spleen samples from 82 wild fruit bats captured in Indonesia.

Detection of coronavirus genomes in Moluccan naked-backed fruit bats in Indonesia.

Bats have been shown to serve as natural reservoirs for numerous emerging viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In the present study, we report the discovery of bat CoV genes in Indonesian Moluccan naked-backed fruit bats (Dobsonia moluccensis). A partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequence was detected in feces and tissues samples from the fruit bats, and the region between the RdRp and helicase genes could also be amplified from fecal samples.

Isolation and characterization of a novel alphaherpesvirus in fruit bats.

Unlabelled: Bats are known to harbor emerging RNA viruses. Recent studies have used high-throughput sequencing technology to identify various virus species, including DNA viruses that are harbored by bats; however, little is known about the nature of these potentially novel viruses. Here, we report the characterization of a novel herpesvirus isolated from an Indonesian pteropodid bat.

Molecular detection of a novel paramyxovirus in fruit bats from Indonesia.

Background: Fruit bats are known to harbor zoonotic paramyxoviruses including Nipah, Hendra, and Menangle viruses. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of paramyxovirus RNA in fruit bats from Indonesia.

Methods: RNA samples were obtained from the spleens of 110 fruit bats collected from four locations in Indonesia.

Immunoregulatory effects of AFP domains on monocyte-derived dendritic cell function.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumor-associated glycoprotein that functions in regulation of both ontogenic and oncogenic growth. Recent study showed that AFP can induce apoptosis or impair monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDDC) function. However, it is still unclear which AFP domain (D-AFP) plays major role in this function.

Evaluation of PCR and nested PCR assays currently used for detection of Coxiella burnetii in Japan.

Detection of Coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of Q fever, is important for diagnosis of Q fever. PCR-based methods have been widely used for the detection mostly because isolation of C. bumetii is time-consuming.