Vertical distribution of microplastic along the main gate of Indonesian Throughflow pathways.

Even though Pacific - Indian Ocean exchange [Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)] has been measured for the last three decades, the measurements of microplastic in the region is very limited. This study was the initial investigation of the vertical distribution of microplastic in the deep-sea areas across the ITF Pathway. Niskin water samples were utilized to obtain the samples from a water column in a range of 5 to 2450 m.

Synthesis of coralloid carbon nitride polymers and photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol.

Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) is currently the most potential nonmetallic photocatalyst, but it suffers from low catalytic activity due to rapid electron-hole recombination behavior and low specific surface area. The morphology control of CNis one of the effective methods used to achieve higher photocatalytic performance. Here, bulk, lamellar and coralloid CNwere synthesized using different chemical methods.

The degradation of cellulose in ionic mixture solutions under the high pressure of carbon dioxide.

This work aims to study the product characteristics of cellulose degradation not only by a hydrothermal process but also in combination with a sonication process. Herein, 4.3 mL of oxalic acid (HCO)-sodium chloride (NaCl) solution containing cellulose was placed into a stainless steel reactor (or the mixture was placed into the reactor after the sonication process for 1 hour); then, carbon dioxide (CO) was released for pressurization.

Effect of Chitosan and Liposome Nanoparticles as Adjuvant Codelivery on the Immunoglobulin G Subclass Distribution in a Mouse Model.

Background: We investigate the immunogenic properties of chitosan and liposome nanoparticles as adjuvant codelivery against a commercial pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in an animal model.

Methods: The chitosan and liposome nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and dry methods, respectively. The PCV immunization was performed intradermally in the presence of adjuvants and booster injections which were given without an adjuvant.

Controlled arrangement of nanoparticle arrays in block-copolymer domains.

This Review describes recent results on the precise spatial distribution control of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles into domains of microphase-separated block copolymers. Specific focus is directed towards selective incorporation into a specific microphase of a block copolymer. Details on theoretical aspects concerning nanoparticle incorporation as well as practical examples are given.