Improving hen welfare on cage-free egg farms in Asia: Egg producers' perspectives.

There is a trend towards the adoption of cage-free housing systems in the egg industry across Asia. While cage-free housing systems can hold significant animal welfare advantages over cages, there can also be challenges in managing these systems. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the perspectives of egg producers on the main challenges and proposed solutions associated with cage-free systems in China, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

Effect of dietary supplementation with zinc-methionine on ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, methane production, and nutrient digestibility: An study.

Objective: The principal objective of this research was to examine the influence of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) addition on feed on the ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, methane production, and digestibilities of feed nutrients.

Materials And Methods: The dosage of Zn-Met as a source of organic Zn was added to feed based on dry matter (DM) as follows: 0-without Zn addition (CON), 30 Zn mg/kg-low (LZM), 60 Zn mg/kg-medium (MZM), and 90 Zn mg/kg-high (HZM).

Results: The results indicated significant impacts of Zn-Met addition on various parameters.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal compared to ventilation alone in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: cost-utility analysis of the REST RCT.

Background: Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has significant resource implications in terms of intensive care unit and hospital stay.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal compared to ventilation alone in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.

Design: A cost-utility analysis embedded within a pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

A study on managerial leadership in education: A systematic literature review.

Background: Articles on managerial leadership (ML) have been published from year to year, since 1950s. The use of ML theory in previous research is common, but some inconsistencies are found regarding the terms commonly used. In other words, there is a mismatch between the use of the term ML in article paper and structures.

Cage egg producers' perspectives on the adoption of cage-free systems in China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand.

Asia is responsible for ~60% of global egg production. As in most of the world, nearly all of the egg-laying hens are housed in cages. While there is growing demand for cage-free eggs in many regions of the world, challenges have been reported when transitioning to these systems, which may affect the willingness of producers to transition.

Rewiring the altered tryptophan metabolism as a novel therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Objective: The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp metabolism end-products are essential to intestinal homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of metabolites from the kynurenine pathway.

Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure after treatment with lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal: long-term outcomes from the REST randomised trial.

Introduction: Lower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (vv-ECCOR), does not improve 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of this therapeutic strategy on long-term outcomes.

Methods: This was a prespecified analysis of the REST trial, a UK-wide multicentre randomised clinical trial that compared lower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by vv-ECCOR (intervention), with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF.

CARD9 in neutrophils protects from colitis and controls mitochondrial metabolism and cell survival.

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and environmental factors, leading to alterations in the gastrointestinal immune response and chronic inflammation. Caspase recruitment domain 9 (), one of the IBD susceptibility genes, has been shown to protect against intestinal inflammation and fungal infection. However, the cell types and mechanisms involved in the CARD9 protective role against inflammation remain unknown.

Effect of Cichorium intybus on production performance, carcass quality and blood lipid profile of hybrid duck.

Objective: One hundred hybrid male ducks (Mojosari×Alabio) were used to examine the efficacy of chicory supplementation as nutritional feed manipulation on production performance, and blood lipid profile of hybrid ducks.

Methods: The ducks were tagged, weighed, and then allotted randomly to one of the four treatment diets using a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were: i) P0 (100% basal diets+0% chicory as control), ii) P1 (95% basal diets+5% chicory), iii) P2 (90% basal diets+10% chicory) and iv) P3 (85% basal diets+15% chicory).

An external pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to improve appropriate polypharmacy in older people in primary care (PolyPrime).

Background: For older populations with multimorbidity, polypharmacy (use of multiple medications) is a standard practice. PolyPrime is a theory-based intervention developed to improve appropriate polypharmacy in older people in primary care. This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of the PolyPrime intervention in primary care in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI).

Stingless bee honey (): Chemical composition and their potential roles as an immunomodulator in malnourished rats.

Honey is rich in bioactive compounds, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and is an antioxidant and an immunomodulator. The objectives of this study were to determine the honey chemical composition of Indonesian stingless bees and their potential roles as an immunomodulator in the malnourished rats. honey was used to analyses of chemical composition was obtained from three different geographical origins were Depok Sleman, Bayan Lombok, and Nglipar Gunungkidul.

Using tranexamic acid for an additional 24 hours postoperatively in hip and knee arthroplasty saves money: a cost analysis from the TRAC-24 randomized control trial.

Aims: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is now commonly used in major surgical operations including orthopaedics. The TRAC-24 randomized control trial (RCT) aimed to assess if an additional 24 hours of TXA postoperatively in primary total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reduced blood loss. Contrary to other orthopaedic studies to date, this trial included high-risk patients.

Deletion of both Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 affects the bacterial but not fungal gut microbiota and susceptibility to colitis in mice.

Background: Innate immunity genes have been reported to affect susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colitis in mice. Dectin-1, a receptor for fungal cell wall β-glucans, has been clearly implicated in gut microbiota modulation and modification of the susceptibility to gut inflammation. Here, we explored the role of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 (another receptor for fungal cell wall molecules) deficiency in intestinal inflammation.

Telecare Service Use in Northern Ireland: Exploratory Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Telecare is a health service that involves the home installation of a number of information technology support systems for individuals with complex needs, such as people with reduced mobility or disabilities and the elderly. It involves the use of sensors in patients' homes to detect events, such as smoke in the kitchen, a front door left open, or a patient fall. In Northern Ireland (NI), outputs from these sensors are monitored remotely by the telecare team, who can provide assistance as required by telephone or through the emergency services.

Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation: the SANDWICH cluster stepped-wedge RCT.

Background: Daily assessment of patient readiness for liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation can reduce the duration of ventilation. However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of this in a paediatric population.

Objectives: To determine the effect of a ventilation liberation intervention in critically ill children who are anticipated to have a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (primary objective) and in all children (secondary objective).

The impact of an enhanced recovery programme on length of stay and post-discharge resource usage following hip and knee arthroplasty : a service evaluation and cost analysis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a pilot enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme on length of stay (LOS) and post-discharge resource usage via service evaluation and cost analysis.

Methods: Between May and December 2019, 100 patients requiring hip or knee arthroplasty were enrolled with the intention that each would have a preadmission discharge plan, a preoperative education class with nominated helper, a day of surgery admission and mobilization, a day one discharge, and access to a 24/7 dedicated helpline. Each was matched with a patient under the pre-existing pathway from the previous year.

Novel formulation with essential oils as a potential agent to minimize African swine fever virus transmission in an trial in swine.

Background And Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is currently the most prevalent disease in swine. The disease is spreading throughout primary swine-producing countries with heavy losses in population and revenue. To date, no successful vaccines or medications have been reported.

Effect of Lower Tidal Volume Ventilation Facilitated by Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal vs Standard Care Ventilation on 90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The REST Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In patients who require mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, further reduction in tidal volumes, compared with conventional low tidal volume ventilation, may improve outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation using extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal improves outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, randomized, allocation-concealed, open-label, pragmatic clinical trial enrolled 412 adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, of a planned sample size of 1120, between May 2016 and December 2019 from 51 intensive care units in the UK.

Rice Bran Makes a Healthy and Tasty Traditional Indonesian Goat Meatball, 'Bakso'.

Meatballs are popular in Asia and traditionally made from beef or chicken with tapioca (≈8% ) as filler. Tapioca has a high glycaemic index (GI); therefore, rice bran was evaluated as a substitute to create a healthier meatball of acceptable quality. Substitution of tapioca with rice bran (100:0; 75:25, 50:50; 25:75; 0:100% tapioca: % rice bran) decreased the starch content (7.

Effect of a Sedation and Ventilator Liberation Protocol vs Usual Care on Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is limited evidence on the optimal strategy for liberating infants and children from invasive mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine if a sedation and ventilator liberation protocol intervention reduces the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in infants and children anticipated to require prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A pragmatic multicenter, stepped-wedge, cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted that included 17 hospital sites (18 pediatric intensive care units) in the UK sequentially randomized from usual care to the protocol intervention.

Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate IL-17 production by mouse and human intestinal γδ T cells.

Gut interleukin-17A (IL-17)-producing γδ T cells are tissue-resident cells that are involved in both host defense and regulation of intestinal inflammation. However, factors that regulate their functions are poorly understood. In this study, we find that the gut microbiota represses IL-17 production by cecal γδ T cells.

Propionate catabolism by CD-associated adherent-invasive counteracts its anti-inflammatory effect.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic and disabling inflammatory disorder of the gut that is profoundly influenced by intestinal microbiota composition, host genetics and environmental factors. Several groups worldwide have described an imbalance of the gut microbiome composition, called dysbiosis, in CD patients, with an increase in and and a decrease in . A high prevalence of adherent-invasive (AIEC) pathobionts has been identified in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients.