Publications by authors named "Agunloye A"
Background: Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign disease of the scrotal skin that presents as solitary or multiple painless calcified nodules or papules in the absence of systemic disorders of calcium or phosphorus metabolism. Although some theories have been proposed as to the cause of this rare disease, the exact cause remains unknown. In a resource-poor medical setting like Nigeria, a confident diagnosis of this condition can be made with ultrasonography.
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- African ancestry populations have the highest stroke burden globally, yet the genetic factors contributing to stroke in these groups are not well understood, prompting the SIREN study in West Africa to investigate this.
- The study involved recruiting stroke patients and stroke-free controls to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), leading to DNA analysis that identified significant SNPs near specific genes associated with stroke risk.
- Key findings highlighted protective genetic variants near AADACL2 and MIR5186 on chromosome 3, as well as other notable associations on chromosomes 5, 6, 12, 16, and 18, which could provide insights for future stroke risk assessment in these populations.
Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high case fatality rate in resource-limited settings. The independent predictors of poor outcome after ICH in sub-Saharan Africa remains to be characterized in large epidemiological studies. We aimed to determine factors associated with 30-day fatality among West African patients with ICH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized trauma patients. Ultrasonography (US) has replaced venography as the initial diagnostic tool for DVT.
Aims: The study aimed to determine the incidence of lower limb DVT in hospitalized neurosurgical trauma patients in hospitalized neurosurgical patients.
Background: Every minute, six indigenous Africans develop new strokes. Patient-level and system-level contributors to early stroke fatality in this region are yet to be delineated. We aimed to identify and quantify the contributions of patient-level and system-level determinants of inpatient stroke fatality across 16 hospitals in Ghana and Nigeria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but little is known about the contribution of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans.
Objective: To evaluate the association of SHSE with stroke among indigenous Africans.
Methods: We analyzed the relationship of SHSE with stroke among 2990 case-control pairs of adults who had never smoked (identified in the SIREN study) using conditional logistic regression at a two-sided P < 0.
Differential associations between pre-diabetes, diabetes and stroke occurrence among West Africans.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
November 2022
Background: There are limited data from Africa on the burden and associations between pre-diabetes (pre-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke occurrence in a region experiencing a profound rise in stroke burden.
Purpose: To characterize the associations between stroke and dysglycemic status among West Africans.
Methods: The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria.
Background: We evaluated the characteristics of carotid and vertebral atherosclerosis in indigenous West Africans with stroke.
Methodology: Of the 3778stroke patients recruited between 01/2014 and 08/2017, 1070 (28.3%) received carotid and vertebral artery evaluation with B-mode Ultrasound.
Article Synopsis
- The study explored the prevalence and implications of metabolic syndrome (METS) in African patients with newly diagnosed stroke, involving 3998 participants.
- Factors linked to METS included age over 50, male gender, higher income, stress, family history of diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
- The findings revealed that METS was common among stroke patients and associated with greater stroke severity and a higher risk of death within one month of the stroke, highlighting the need for lifestyle interventions to mitigate these risks.
Background: The relationship of diet with stroke risk among Africans is not well understood.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and stroke risk among West Africans.
Methods: In this multi-center case-control study, 3684 stroke patients matched (for age and sex) with 3684 healthy controls were recruited from Nigeria and Ghana.
Objectives: To explore the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data obtained from the SIREN study through in-person interviews and measurements from healthy stroke-free older adults (≥60 years). Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index 25 kg/m.
Background And Purpose: To identify the qualitative and quantitative contributions of conventional risk factors for occurrence of ischemic stroke and its key pathophysiologic subtypes among West Africans.
Methods: The SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with ischemic stroke who were etiologically subtyped using the A-S-C-O-D classification into atherosclerosis, small-vessel occlusion, cardiac pathology, other causes, and dissection.
A Novel Afrocentric Stroke Risk Assessment Score: Models from the Siren Study.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
October 2021
Background: Stroke risk can be quantified using risk factors whose effect sizes vary by geography and race. No stroke risk assessment tool exists to estimate aggregate stroke risk for indigenous African.
Objectives: To develop Afrocentric risk-scoring models for stroke occurrence.
Antenatal Dexamethasone for Early Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Countries.
N Engl J Med
December 2020
Background: The safety and efficacy of antenatal glucocorticoids in women in low-resource countries who are at risk for preterm birth are uncertain.
Methods: We conducted a multicountry, randomized trial involving pregnant women between 26 weeks 0 days and 33 weeks 6 days of gestation who were at risk for preterm birth. The participants were assigned to intramuscular dexamethasone or identical placebo.
Objective: To characterize risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) occurrence and severity among West Africans.
Methods: The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicenter case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Patients were adults ≥18 years old with CT-confirmed sICH with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched stroke-free community controls.
Background: Chronic schistosomiasis and arsenic exposure through drinking water are some of the risk factors for bladder cancer. To determine the association of schistosomiasis and arsenicosis with bladder pathologies, 122 individuals from Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study.
Methods: Prevalence of schistosomiasis was determined by urine microscopy and PCR.
Background: Metabolic fingerprinting analysis can offer insights into underlying reactions in a biological system; hence it is crucial to the understanding of disease pathogenesis and could provide useful tools for discovering biomarkers. We sought to examine the urine and plasma metabolome in individuals affected by urogenital schistosomiasis and its associated-bladder pathologies.
Methodology: Blood and midstream urine were obtained from volunteers who matched our inclusion criteria among residents from Eggua, southwestern Nigeria.
Background: Human schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Schistosoma species. Research on the molecular mechanisms influencing the outcomes of bladder infection by Schistosoma haematobium is urgently needed to develop new diagnostics, therapeutics and infection prevention strategies. The objective of the research study was to determine the microbiome features and changes in urine during urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Annotation and Image Markup on ClearCanvas Enriched Stroke-phenotyping Software (ACCESS) is a novel stand-alone computer software application that allows the creation of simple standardized annotations for reporting brain images of all stroke types. We developed the ACCESS application and determined its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study to assess its suitability for multicenter studies.
Methods: One hundred randomly selected stroke imaging reports from 5 SIREN sites were re-evaluated by 4 trained independent raters to determine the inter-rater reliability of the ACCESS (version 12.
Background: Africa has a growing burden of stroke with associated high morbidity and a 3-year fatality rate of 84%. Cardiac disease contributes to stroke occurrence and outcomes, but the precise relationship of abnormalities as noted on a cheap and widely available test, the electrocardiogram (ECG), and acute stroke outcomes have not been previously characterized in Africans.
Objectives: The study assessed the prevalence and prognoses of various ECG abnormalities among African acute stroke patients encountered in a multisite, cross-national epidemiologic study.
Article Synopsis
- The research aims to investigate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and stroke, specifically focusing on shared genomic and environmental risk factors among African participants in the SIREN study.
- LVH was found in 55% of stroke patients studied, with younger age and high blood pressure being significant predictors, especially prevalent in women.
- The study hopes to clarify if LVH is genetically influenced and how hypertension serves as a critical risk factor for both LVH and stroke, contributing to better understanding and prevention strategies.
Screening for Schistosoma haematobium infection and its possible morbidity was carried out in 257 adult participants in Eggua community, Ogun State, Nigeria. Parasitological assessment for the presence of ova of S. haematobium in urine and abdominopelvic ultrasonographic examination for bladder and secondary kidney pathology were carried out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It is unclear whether a natural marker of atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness: CIMT) or calculated risk score is more associated with stroke. We therefore comparatively examined the relationship between CIMT as well as two cardiovascular risk calculators (Omnibus Risk Score -ORS and Framingham Risk Score- FRS) and the occurrence of stroke among hypertensive African patients.
Methods: CIMT was measured in 555 consecutive consenting hypertensive adults (377 stroke patients and 178 stroke-free subjects).
Background And Purpose: The Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS), a method for verifying stroke-free status in participants of clinical, epidemiological, and genetic studies, has not been validated in low-income settings where populations have limited knowledge of stroke symptoms. We aimed to validate QVSFS in 3 languages, Yoruba, Hausa and Akan, for ascertainment of stroke-free status of control subjects enrolled in an on-going stroke epidemiological study in West Africa.
Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional study design where 384 participants were consecutively recruited from neurology and general medicine clinics of 5 tertiary referral hospitals in Nigeria and Ghana.