Modulation of face processing by top-down attention: Insights from early ERP waveforms.

The face fusiform area (FFA) plays a pivotal role in face recognition, yet the precise timeline of its activity remains debated. Using EEG, we conducted three experiments to investigate how expectancy-consistent versus expectancy-inconsistent visual stimuli influence processing dynamics. Participants viewed images of faces, houses, and tools (Experiment 1), celebrity faces (Experiment 2), or animal faces (Experiment 3), preceded by a priming question.

Simulating atmospheric drought: Silica gel packets dehumidify mesocosm microclimates.

As global temperatures rise, droughts are becoming more frequent and severe. To predict how drought might affect plant communities, ecologists have traditionally designed drought experiments with controlled watering regimes and rainout shelters. Both treatments have proven effective for simulating soil drought.

Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 (EMP2) Blockade Attenuates Pathological Neovascularization in Murine Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results from postnatal hyperoxia exposure in premature infants and is characterized by aberrant neovascularization of retinal blood vessels. Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) regulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the ARPE-19 cell line and genetic knock-out of Emp2 in a murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model attenuates neovascularization. We hypothesize that EMP2 blockade via intravitreal injection protects against neovascularization.

Effect of resveratrol supplementation in conventional slow and ultra-rapid freezing media on the quality and fertility of bull sperm.

The study investigated the impact of resveratrol (RES) on bull sperm cryopreservation employing conventional slow (CS) and ultra-rapid (UR) freezing methods on sperm quality and in vitro fertility. Twenty-four ejaculates from four bulls were divided into four groups based on the cryopreservation method and RES addition: CS-RES (n = 80), CS-Co (n = 80), UR-RES (n = 24), and UR-Co (n = 24). The CS freezing involved exposing sperm straws with 5% glycerol to liquid nitrogen (LN) vapors, while UR freezing submerged sperm drops with 100 mM sucrose directly into LN.

EMP2 Serves as a Functional Biomarker for Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) remains among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) is a subset of BC characterized by aggressive behavior, a high risk of distant recurrence, and poor overall survival rates. Chemotherapy is the backbone for treatment in patients with TNBC, but outcomes remain poor compared to other BC subtypes, in part due to the lack of recognized functional targets.

89Zr-ImmunoPET for the Specific Detection of EMP2-Positive Tumors.

Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is upregulated in a number of tumors and therefore remains a promising target for mAb-based therapy. In the current study, image-guided therapy for an anti-EMP2 mAb was evaluated by PET in both syngeneic and immunodeficient cancer models expressing different levels of EMP2 to enable a better understanding of its tumor uptake and off target accumulation and clearance. The therapeutic efficacy of the anti-EMP2 mAb was initially evaluated in high- and low-expressing tumors, and the mAb reduced tumor load for the high EMP2-expressing 4T1 and HEC-1-A tumors.

Atmospheric drying and soil drying: Differential effects on grass community composition.

Global surface temperatures are projected to increase in the future; this will modify regional precipitation regimes and increase global atmospheric drying. Despite many drought studies examining the consequences of reduced precipitation, there are few experimental studies exploring plant responses to atmospheric drying via relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We examined eight native California perennial grass species grown in pots in a greenhouse in Los Angeles, California for 34 weeks.

Neo-functionalization in : a novel Nrg1-Rtg3 chimeric transcriptional modulator is essential to maintain mitochondrial DNA integrity.

In the transcriptional repressor Nrg1 (Negative Regulator of Glucose-repressed genes) and the β-Zip transcription factor Rtg3 (ReTroGrade regulation) mediate glucose repression and signalling from the mitochondria to the nucleus, respectively. Here, we show a novel function of these two proteins, in which alanine promotes the formation of a chimeric Nrg1/Rtg3 regulator that represses the gene (encoding an alanine transaminase paralog of unknown function). An paralogous pair, resulting from a post-wide genome small-scale duplication event, is present in the genus.

Simulating atmospheric drought: Silica gel packets dehumidify mesocosm microclimates.

1. As global temperatures rise, droughts are becoming more frequent and severe. To predict how drought might affect plant communities, ecologists have traditionally designed experiments with controlled watering regimes and rainout shelters.

Soil versus atmospheric drought: A test case of plant functional trait responses.

Climate change alters mean global surface temperatures, precipitation regimes, and atmospheric moisture. Resultant drought affects the composition and diversity of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To date, there have been no assessments of the combined impacts of reduced precipitation and atmospheric drying on functional trait distributions of any species in an outdoor experiment.

Dissociative experiences of adolescents with borderline personality disorder: description and prediction.

Aims: The first purpose of this study was to assess the severity of dissociative experiences reported by adolescent inpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The second purpose was to compare the severity of their dissociative symptoms to those reported by a sample of adult inpatients with BPD. The third purpose of this study was to assess a range of clinically meaningful predictors of the severity of dissociation in adolescents and adults with BPD.

Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV astrocytoma, constitutes approximately half of malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Despite technological advancements and aggressive multimodal treatment, prognosis remains dismal. The highly vascularized nature of glioblastoma enables the tumor cells to grow and invade the surrounding tissue, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a critical mediator of this process.

Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2): A systematic review of its implications in pathogenesis.

Objectives: Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a cell surface protein composed of approximately 160 amino acids and encoded by the growth arrest-specific 3 (GAS3)/peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa (PMP22) gene family. Although EMP2 expression has been investigated in several diseases, much remains unknown regarding its mechanism of action and the extent of its role in pathogenesis. Our aim was to perform a systematic review on the involvement of EMP2 in disease processes and the current usage of anti-EMP2 therapies.

Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) regulates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in the adult retinal pigment epithelial cell lines.

Pathologic retinal neovascularization is a potentially blinding consequence seen in many common diseases including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vaso-occlusive diseases. This study investigates epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) and its role as a possible modulator of angiogenesis in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) under hypoxic conditions. To study its effects, the RPE cell line ARPE-19 was genetically modified to either overexpress EMP2 or knock down its levels, and RNA sequencing and western blot analysis was performed to confirm the changes in expression at the RNA and protein level, respectively.

Ecology of Yellow Dwarf Viruses in Crops and Grasslands: Interactions in the Context of Climate Change.

Our understanding of the ecological interactions between plant viruses, their insect vectors, and their host plants has increased rapidly over the past decade. The suite of viruses known collectively as the yellow dwarf viruses infect an extensive range of cultivated and noncultivated grasses worldwide and is one of the best-studied plant virus systems. The yellow dwarf viruses are ubiquitous in cereal crops, where they can significantly limit yields, and there is growing recognition that they are also ubiquitous in grassland ecosystems, where they can influence community dynamics.

Hyperaccumulator : In Situ Fitness in Relation to Tissue Selenium Concentration.

Earlier studies have shown that Stanleya pinnata benefits from selenium hyperaccumulation through ecological benefits and enhanced growth. However, no investigation has assayed the effects of Se hyperaccumulation on plant fitness in the field. This research aimed to analyze how variation in Se accumulation affects S.

Longitudinal Association between Late-Life Depression (LLD) and Frailty: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study (MiMiCS-FRAIL).

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether late-life depression (LLD) is associated with incident frailty over time.

Design: Prospective cohort study, one-year follow-up.

Setting: Geriatric outpatient clinic, Southwestern of Brazil.

An x-ray penumbral imager for measurements of electron-temperature profiles in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA.

Hot-spot shape and electron temperature (T) are key performance metrics used to assess the efficiency of converting shell kinetic energy into hot-spot thermal energy in inertial confinement fusion implosions. X-ray penumbral imaging offers a means to diagnose hot-spot shape and T, where the latter can be used as a surrogate measure of the ion temperature (T) in sufficiently equilibrated hot spots. We have implemented a new x-ray penumbral imager on OMEGA.

The concept of anorexia of aging in late life depression: A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study.

Introduction: Anorexia of aging (AA) is classically associated with depression. However, robust evidence is lacking regarding general clinic populations. Our aim was to evaluate the association between AA and major depressive disorder (MDD) in geriatric outpatients from a middle-income country.

Affective and Behavioral Characteristics of Adolescent and Adult Borderline Personality Disorder.

Adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report greater affective lability, impulsivity, and aggression compared to same-age peers, but no studies have examined whether these findings are replicable among adolescents with BPD and their peers, or whether adolescents and adults with BPD report symptoms of comparable severity. One hundred and one adolescent (age 13-17) BPD inpatients and 60 age-matched, psychiatrically healthy adolescents completed self-report measures for affective lability, impulsivity, and aggression. Comparison samples included 29 and 41 adult outpatients with BPD and 127 community adults with BPD.

Symptomatic Disorders in Adults and Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder.

Symptomatic disorders often co-occur with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study's purpose was to compare the rates of comorbidity reported by adult and adolescent inpatients with BPD, including complex comorbidity (i.e.

Epithelial membrane protein 2 (Emp2) modulates innate immune cell population recruitment at the maternal-fetal interface.

Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a tetraspan membrane protein that has been revealed in cancer and placental models to mediate a number of vascular responses. Recently, Emp2 modulation has been shown to have an immunologic effect on uterine NK cell recruitment in the mouse placenta. Given the importance of immune cell populations on both placental vascularization and maternal immune tolerance of the developing fetus, we wanted to better characterize the immunologic effects of Emp2 at the placental-fetal interface.

Using millimeter-sized carbon-deuterium foils for high-precision deuterium-tritium neutron spectrum measurements in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion at the OMEGA laser facility.

Millimeter-sized CD foils fielded close (order mm) to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions have been proposed as a game-changer for improving energy resolution and allowing time-resolution in neutron spectrum measurements using the magnetic recoil technique. This paper presents results from initial experiments testing this concept for direct drive ICF at the OMEGA Laser Facility. While the foils are shown to produce reasonable signals, inferred spectral broadening is seen to be high (∼5 keV) and signal levels are low (by ∼20%) compared to expectation.