Dyslipidemia: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment at the first level of medical contact.

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in Mexico as well as the rest of the world, with dyslipidemia being one of the main risk factors. Despite the importance of its epidemiological impact, there is still -among primary care physicians- a lack of knowledge ranging from the basic concepts for diagnosis to the most recent recommendations for treatment. This document consisting of 10 questions is done by experts in this field.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Lipoprotein(a) throughout life in women.

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein with multiple deleterious characteristics and is a recognized cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. The pro-atherogenic, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory features of Lp(a) are associated not only with atherosclerotic vascular disease but also with aortic valve calcification and all-cause mortality. One of the most interesting aspects of Lp(a) is that its level is determined by genetics in more than 90% of cases, with lifestyle habits having very little influence.

High dietary antioxidant index associated with reduced insulin resistance in female Mexican children and adolescents.

Antioxidant intake is inversely associated with different health outcomes; however, its association with insulin resistance (IR) has not been well documented. We hypothesized that the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) is inversely associated with IR in Mexican children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Health Workers Cohort Study.

Agreement Between Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry to Estimate Fat Mass in Hispanic Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Adipose tissue excess is associated with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) is used to evaluate obesity but is inaccurate as it does not account for muscle mass, bone density, and fat distribution. Accurate measurement of adipose tissue through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed axial tomography (CT) is crucial for managing and monitoring adiposity-related diseases.

Core outcome sets for trials of interventions to prevent and to treat multimorbidity in adults in low and middle-income countries: the COSMOS study.

Introduction: The burden of multimorbidity is recognised increasingly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a strong emphasis on the need for effective evidence-based interventions. Core outcome sets (COS) appropriate for the study of multimorbidity in LMICs do not presently exist. These are required to standardise reporting and contribute to a consistent and cohesive evidence-base to inform policy and practice.

Interaction Between Primary Hyperlipidemias and Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Implications.

There is a gap of knowledge about the clinical and pathophysiological implications resulting from the interaction between primary hyperlipidemias and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most of the existing evidence comes from sub-analyses of cohorts; scant information derives from randomized clinical trials. The expected clinical implications of T2D in patients with primary hyperlipidemias is an escalation of their already high cardiovascular risk.

Pirfenidone use in fibrotic diseases: What do we know so far?

Background: Pirfenidone has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in both animal models and some clinical trials. Its potential for antifibrotic activity positions it as a promising candidate for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases. Pirfenidone exerts several pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects through different molecular pathways, attenuating multiple inflammatory processes, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and fibroblast activation.

Association between uric acid and referable diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Plasmatic uric acid (UA) has been inconsistently associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Specific sight-threatening stages of DR have not been studied for their association with UA. Cross-sectional, comparative study.

Insulin resistance potentiates the effect of remnant cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality in individuals without diabetes.

Background And Aims: Remnant cholesterol (RC) and insulin resistance (IR) have been independently associated with cardiovascular risk. Here, we evaluated the role of IR and RC on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of 16,113 individuals ≥20 years without diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III/IV).

Personalized Versus Non-personalized Nutritional Recommendations/Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission: A Narrative Review.

It is a well-evidenced fact that diet significantly impacts type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and management. However, dietary responses vary among different populations, necessitating personalized recommendations. Substantial evidence supports the role of diet in T2DM remission, particularly low-energy or low-carbohydrate diets that facilitate weight loss, enhance glycemic control, and achieve remission.

De-escalating treatment indications for patients who achieve metabolic goals.

Introduction: Robust evidence exists regarding initiation, intensification or modification of treatments. Recommendations to de-escalate therapy are lacking, specifically in diabetes. A successful treatment de-intensification reduces overtreatment, polypharmacy, and risk of adverse effects.

Associated factors to the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners in the Mexican adult population.

Objective: To identify the associated factors to the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in the Mexican adult population since its consumption has increased exponentially worldwide.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was applied to 5 038 Mexican adults to evaluate the frequency of NNS consumption and classify the population in tertiles. The sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics of the participants were compared by gradient of NNS consumption, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors to the NNS consumption.

Effect of a monitored exercise protocol in cerebral and hepatic hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Background: Physical exercise (PE) has been proven to be beneficial in patients with cirrhosis; effects in cognitive function and cerebral hemodynamics, are yet to be explored.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of a PE program (LFN-exercise protocol) in hepatic/cerebral hemodynamics.

Methods: Randomized open clinical trial in patients with cirrhosis; Control: Diet(n = 13),Intervention: Diet + exercise(n = 14) for 12 weeks.

Role of Presurgical Gut Microbial Diversity in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Weight-Loss Response: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) substantially alters the gut microbial composition which could be associated with the metabolic improvements seen after surgery. Few studies have been conducted in Latin American populations, such as Mexico, where obesity prevalence is above 30% in the adult population. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the changes in the gut microbiota structure in a Mexican cohort before and after RYGB and to explore whether surgery-related changes in the microbial community were associated with weight loss.

Performance of the enhanced Sampson-NIH equation for VLDL-C and LDL-C in a population with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Introduction: Low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) has long been estimated by the Friedewald formula (F-LDL-C); however, this method underestimates LDL-C in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) or low LDL-C levels. The Martin (M-LDL-C) and Sampson (S-LDL-C) formulas partially resolve these limitations. Recently, Sampson et al.