Methylglyoxal is an antibacterial effector produced by macrophages during infection.

Infected macrophages transition into aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic program crucial for control of bacterial infection. However, antimicrobial mechanisms supported by aerobic glycolysis are unclear. Methylglyoxal is a highly toxic aldehyde that modifies proteins and DNA and is produced as a side-product of glycolysis.

Reactive Arthritis or HIV-Associated Arthropathy: Is It Important to Differentiate Them?

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated arthropathy is the most frequently described joint syndrome, the spectrum of its clinical manifestations is poorly known, and it is difficult to distinguish it from reactive arthritis (ReA). Knowing how to differentiate these two conditions has major implications regarding their prognosis and treatment. We present the case of an adult patient with a history of HIV infection with adequate virological control and good adherence to antiretroviral treatment, which began with an acute clinical picture consisting of additive asymmetric oligoarthritis with subsequent transition to symmetric polyarthritis predominantly in the upper extremities, initially attributed to ReA.

Removal of Micropollutants in Water Reclamation by Membrane Filtration: Impact of Pretreatments and Adsorption.

Organic micropollutants (OMPs) present in water and wastewater are in the spotlight because of their potentially harmful effects even at low concentrations and the difficulties of their elimination in urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs). This study explores the impact of some membrane filtration processes on the removal of a group of 11 OMPs with an eye on the effects of two pretreatments (i.e.

Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.

Background: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013.

Effect of Butorphanol-Medetomidine and Butorphanol-Dexmedetomidine on Echocardiographic Parameters during Propofol Anaesthesia in Dogs.

This study compared the effects of butorphanol-medetomidine and butorphanol-dexmedetomidine combinations on echocardiographic parameters during propofol anaesthesia in dogs. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups. In the butorphanol-medetomidine (BM) group, butorphanol (0.

Autoantibodies neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-negative Colombian patients infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.

Background: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by or . Autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera from Colombian patients with non-HIV related cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort collected from 1997 to 2016.

Indirect impact of PCV10 children vaccination on the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in adults over 50 in Colombia, 2005-2019: Observational analysis.

Introduction: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into childhood vaccination programmes has reduced the prevalence of vaccine serotypes (VTs) that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. In the elderly population, an impact has also been seen through indirect protection (herd effect). The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from adult IPD and to evaluate the indirect effect of immunization with PCV10 based on laboratory records by analyzing the period from 2005 to 2019 for six years before and eight years after the universal PCV10 administration to Colombian children.

A Novel Digital Educational Strategy Improves Treatment Adherence and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematologic malignancy worldwide, is an aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although myeloma remains incurable, new treatments have improved patients' life expectancy and quality of life. However, as these therapies are administered for prolonged and often indefinite periods, their success depends on high treatment adherence and significant patient engagement.

Sleep Duration Is Associated With Subclinical Carotid Plaque Burden.

Background: Sleep duration is associated with stroke risk and is 1 of 8 essential components of cardiovascular health according to the American Heart Association. As stroke disproportionately burdens Black and Hispanic populations in the United States, we hypothesized that long and short sleep duration would be associated with greater subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, a precursor of stroke, in the racially and ethnically diverse NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study).

Methods: NOMAS is a study of community-dwelling adults.

Bone involvement in non-congenital syphilis.

We documented two stages of bone involvement due to syphilis in two adult patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Bony lesions of secondary versus tertiary syphilis cannot be differentiated on clinical or radiologic grounds alone. Given the rarity of this clinical presentation, there is no consensus on treatment duration and related outcomes.

HIV/AIDS infection in critical care: epidemiological profile and risk factors for mortality in a Colombian cohort.

Introduction: Outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) have improved with antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, whether the outcomes have improved in low- and middle-income countries, paralleling those of high-income countries is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe a cohort of HIV-infected patients admitted to ICU in a middle-income country and identify the risk factors associated with mortality.

Systemic paracoccidioidomycosis in a patient with enzymatic myeloperoxidase deficiency and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report.

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection that is potentially fatal, and the most prevalent of its kind in Latin America. The predisposition to infection appears to be related to abnormalities in cellular immunity, given its low prevalence in endemic regions. The role of myeloperoxidase deficiency has not been elucidated.

Mechanisms Linking COPD to Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Relationship between Diabetes and COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities, resulting in poor outcomes for these patients. Diabetes is observed at a higher frequency in COPD patients than in the general population. Both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with pulmonary complications, and similar therapeutic strategies are proposed to treat these conditions.

Associations Between Vascular Risk Factors and Perivascular Spaces in Adults with Intact Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia.

Background: Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled compartments surrounding small intracerebral vessels that transport fluid and clear waste.

Objective: We examined associations between PVS count, vascular and neurodegenerative risk factors, and cognitive status among the predominantly Hispanic participants of the FL-VIP Study of Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

Methods: Using brain MRI (n = 228), we counted PVS in single axial image through the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO).

Cardiology in Rodents, Rabbits, and Small Exotic Mammals-Diagnostic Workup.

The incidence of cardiac diseases in pet rabbits and rodents increased over the past decade as these species live longer and diagnostics methods are more precise to diagnose heart diseases even in small-sized animals. The article summarizes diagnostics of cardiac diseases in selected exotic companion mammals, particularly in rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and rats. The emphasis of the paper is given on clinical examination, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography.

Chemometric Classification of Colombian Cacao Crops: Effects of Different Genotypes and Origins in Different Years of Harvest on Levels of Flavonoid and Methylxanthine Metabolites in Raw Cacao Beans.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of chemical markers in raw cacao beans in two clones (introduced and regional) in Colombia over several years. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the flavanol monomers (epicatechin and catechin), flavanol oligomers (procyanidins) and methylxanthine alkaloids (caffeine and theobromine) of cocoa samples. The results identified genotype as the main factor contributing to cacao chemistry, although significant differences were not observed between universal and regional clones in PCA.

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of High-Risk Cytogenetically Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma Patients in Colombia.

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer, several cytogenetics abnormalities such as t(4;14), del (17p), and t(14;16) were identified as a high-risk for survival, in Latin America, we have very little data on cytogenetic alterations in MM. This study describes the incidence of high-risk cytogenetically abnormalities in a Colombian population and prognostic significance.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort of new diagnostic Multiple Myeloma between 2016 and 2020, we identified a high-risk cytogenetically abnormalities t(4;14), t(14;16), and 17p deletions by FISH techniques and described incidence.

Serum Proteomic Changes in Dogs with Different Stages of Chronic Heart Failure.

MMVD, the most common cause of CHF in dogs, is a chronic disease with variable clinical signs, with some patients remaining asymptomatic while others develop CHF. Here, we aimed to evaluate serum proteins by proteomic analysis in dogs at different stages of CHF due to MMVD, and proteome behaviors after conventional treatment. A total of 32 dogs were divided equally into four groups-stage A (healthy/controls), stage B2 (asymptomatic), stage C and stage D (symptomatic)-according to the ACVIM consensus.

LRP1 loss in airway epithelium exacerbates smoke-induced oxidative damage and airway remodeling.

The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) partakes in metabolic and signaling events regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The function of LRP1 in airways has not been studied. We aimed to study the function of LRP1 in smoke-induced disease.

Congestive heart failure in a veiled chameleon (): A case report.

A two-year-old male veiled chameleon () was referred for a gular oedema and bilateral blepharoedema. The echocardiography revealed a ventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion, and valvular regurgitation of the right atrioventricular valve. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, and carvedilol was commenced.