Nutrition supplementation plus standard of care versus standard of care alone or standard of care plus unconditional cash transfer in the prevention of chronic malnutrition in Southern Angola: study protocol for the MuCCUA study, a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic malnutrition is a condition associated with negative impacts on physical and cognitive development. It is multi-causal and can start very early in life, already in utero, thus it is especially challenging to find appropriate interventions to tackle it. The government of Angola is implementing a standard of care program with potential to prevent it, and the provision of cash transfers and the supplementation with small quantity lipid-based nutrients (SQ-LNS) are also promising interventions.

Preventing chronic malnutrition in children under 2 years in rural Angola (MuCCUA trial): protocol for the economic evaluation of a three-arm community cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Chronic malnutrition is a serious problem in southern Angola with a prevalence of 49.9% and 37.2% in the provinces of Huila and Cunene, respectively.

Pharmacogenetic Guided Opioid Therapy Improves Chronic Pain Outcomes and Comorbid Mental Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study.

Interindividual variability in analgesic response is at least partly due to well-characterized polymorphisms that are associated with opioid dosing and adverse outcomes. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) has put forward recommendations for the phenotype, but the list of studied drug-gene pairs continues to grow. This clinical trial randomized chronic pain patients ( = 60), referred from primary care to pain unit care into two opioid prescribing arms, one guided by , μ-opioid receptor (), and catechol-O-methyl transferase () genotypes vs.

Stress Response to Climate Change and Postharvest Handling in Two Differently Pigmented Lettuce Genotypes: Impact on Invasion and Mycotoxin Production.

Many species of are important pathogens that cause plant diseases and postharvest rots. They lead to significant economic losses in agriculture and affect human and animal health due to their capacity to produce mycotoxins. Therefore, it is necessary to study the factors that can result in an increase in .

Respiratory viral infections in a cohort of children during the first year of life and their role in the development of wheezing.

Introduction: It is known that infants with viral respiratory infections severe enough to require hospital admission have a high risk of developing recurrent wheezing. Few data have been published on unselected populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections during the first year of life in a cohort of infants, recruited at birth, and the development of recurrent wheezing.

Imported malaria in children in Madrid, Spain, 2007-2013.

Background: The majority of malaria cases diagnosed in Europe in the last few years have occurred in people living in non-endemic areas travelling back to their home country to visit friends and relatives (VFRs). Children account for 15-20% of imported malaria, with known higher risk of severe disease.

Material And Methods: A retrospective multicentre study was conducted in 24 hospitals in Madrid (Spain) including patients under 16 years diagnosed with malaria (2007-2013).

[Respiratory viral infections in a cohort of children during the first year of life and their role in the development of wheezing].

Introduction: It is known that infants with viral respiratory infections severe enough to require hospital admission have a high risk of developing recurrent wheezing. Few data have been published on unselected populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections during the first year of life in a cohort of infants, recruited at birth, and the development of recurrent wheezing.

Environmental and occupational interventions for primary prevention of cancer: a cross-sectorial policy framework.

Background: Nearly 13 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur worldwide each year; 63% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial proportion of all cancers are attributable to carcinogenic exposures in the environment and the workplace.

[Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Our experienced with triple combined therapy: cytoreduction, intraperitoneal perioperative chemotherapy and hyperthermia].

Introduction: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is the most common primary neoplasm of the serous peritoneum. Most patients die of the complications of local disease confined to the peritoneal cavity, while nodal or distant dissemination is extremely rare. Prognosis with traditional therapeutic options is dismal, with a median survival of between 4 and 12 months from diagnosis.

A procedure for fractionation of sphingolipid classes by solid-phase extraction on aminopropyl cartridges.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods are easy, rapid, and reliable. Their growing popularity is in part due to their operational simplicity and cost reduction in solvents, and partly because they are easier to automate. Sphingolipids are implicated in various cellular events such as growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Do gender differences in CD4 cell counts matter?

Objective: To examine the effect of gender on disease progression and whether gender differences in CD4 lymphocyte counts persisted for the entire course from HIV seroconversion until (death from) AIDS.

Methods: CD4 lymphocyte counts were modelled in 221 female and 443 male seroconverters following seroconversion, backwards from AIDS and backwards from death using regression analysis for repeated measurements.

Results: In the period before use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), progression to AIDS and to death were marginally slower in women than in men as assessed by proportional hazards analysis.

Association between hepatitis C virus seroreactivity and HIV infection in non-intravenous drug abusing prostitutes.

Two hundred and ninety-four non-transfused prostitutes from Spain, who denied intravenous drug abuse, were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Seventeen (5.78%) of them were seropositive.

Failure to detect silent HIV infection by polymerase chain reaction in subjects at risk for heterosexually transmitted HIV type 1 infection.

The prevalence of silent HIV-1 infections in subjects at risk of acquiring HIV infection by heterosexual transmission was assessed using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The two groups of risk subjects consisted of 92 female prostitutes and 43 heterosexual partners of infected individuals. Appropriate positive and negative control persons were included in the study.

HIV-1 infection among non-intravenous drug user female prostitutes in Spain. No evidence of evolution to pattern II.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of HIV-1 infection among non-intravenous drug user (IVDU) female prostitutes in Spain and to determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in this population.

Design: Cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of 519 non-IVDU prostitutes.

Setting: Four university hospitals.

[Multicenter study of the prevalence of type 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection in Spain (1990)].

Background: HIV-2 is a new retrovirus which may produce AIDS and has been mainly described in individuals from West Africa. More than 400 cases have been reported in France and Portugal while in Spain very few cases of HIV-2 infection have been reported with few studies having been made concerning the prevalence of the disease. This multicentric study analyzes the prevalence of HIV-2 infection in subjects of different risk groups in Spain and evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of different methodologies.

Absence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in prostitutes in the area of Seville, Spain.

Infection with human retroviruses other than HIV in Spain has only been reported in isolated cases in African immigrants and intravenous drug abusers infected with HTLV-I. The status of the prostitute population is unknown. The sera of 88 prostitutes in Seville were therefore tested for HIV, HTLV-I and HTLV-II, and relevant epidemiological data were collected on the health status, sexual practices etc.

[An evaluation of the efficacy of different commercial kits in the serological diagnosis of the early phase of human immunodeficiency virus infection].

The aim of the present study was to identify the most useful serum markers for the early identification of the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To this end, sequential serum samples of 19 individuals who later had seroconversion to anti-HIV were evaluated. The p24 antigen (Ag-HIV) was the earliest marker of the infection, although it could only be detected in five of the 19 individuals: in two as an isolated marker and in the remaining four associated to anti-HIV (first generation Western blot: WB-1, and recombinant enzyme immunoanalysis: EIA-2G).

Hepatitis C virus infection in sexually promiscuous groups.

As there is insufficient data available on the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by sexual transmission, the prevalence of anti-HCV was determined in several sexually promiscuous groups (78 female prostitutes, 55 clients of prostitutes and 146 homosexual men) who denied intravenous drug abuse. The overall HCV infection rate was much higher in the sexually promiscuous groups (8.97%, 16.