Clinical Characteristics of Virologically Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus in English Primary Care: Protocol for an Observational Study of Acute Respiratory Infection.

Background: There are gaps in our understanding of the clinical characteristics and disease burden of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among community-dwelling adults. This is in part due to a lack of routine testing at the point of care. More data would enhance our assessment of the need for an RSV vaccination program for adults in the United Kingdom.

Breast Adenocarcinoma and Cold Agglutinin Disease: A Paraneoplastic Syndrome.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder that is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells through an autoimmune process, such as temperature-dependent antibodies. The two predominant types, cold agglutinin and warm agglutinin disease, typically possess different underlying etiologies. Prompt recognition and workup of autoimmune hemolytic anemia should be prioritized to potentially uncover any underlying primary cause, such as malignancy.

Clinical and Biochemical Profiles of Hospitalized Patients with Hypercalcaemia from a Tertiary Care Centre in North India.

The profile of hypercalcaemia in hospitalized patients in India seems to be changing. However, studies evaluating the profile of hypercalcaemia in hospitalized settings in India are extremely limited. This prospective study aims to evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of hospitalized patients with hypercalcaemia from a tertiary care centre in north India.

Design & development of adulteration detection system by fumigation method & machine learning techniques.

A novel method for discovery of adulteration in edible oil is proposed based on concept of refractive index and electronic sensors. The research work focusses on two distinct methodologies like employing datasets and implementing a fumigation technique that integrates real-time hardware for testing Edible oil Impurities. In the first method, the dataset taken into consideration contains spectral data collected using Advanced ATR-MIR Spectroscopy for pure oil and various levels of adulteration with Vegetable oil.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are crucial for immune system evasion in cancer. They accumulate in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment, suppressing immune cells like T-cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. They promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by secreting cytokines and growth factors and contribute to a tumor-promoting environment.

Validation of an acute respiratory infection phenotyping algorithm to support robust computerised medical record-based respiratory sentinel surveillance, England, 2023.

IntroductionRespiratory sentinel surveillance systems leveraging computerised medical records (CMR) use phenotyping algorithms to identify cases of interest, such as acute respiratory infection (ARI). The Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is the English primary care-based sentinel surveillance network.AimThis study describes and validates the RSC's new ARI phenotyping algorithm.

Genomic landscape of gallbladder cancer: insights from whole exome sequencing.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy noted for its aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis, which is mostly caused by delayed detection. However, the scarcity of information regarding somatic mutations in Indian patients with GBC has hampered the development of efficient therapeutic options. In the present study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing the mutational profile of GBC.

Somatic mutational landscape across Indian breast cancer cases by whole exome sequencing.

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequencing.

Performance assessment of hybrid machine learning approaches for breast cancer and recurrence prediction.

Breast cancer is a major health concern for women everywhere and a major killer of women. Malignant tumors may be distinguished from benign ones, allowing for early diagnosis of this disease. Therefore, doctors need an accurate method of diagnosing tumors as either malignant or benign.

Assessing the Radiological and Functional Outcomes of Colles' Cast Versus Functional Position Cast Immobilization in the Conservative Treatment of Distal End of Radius Fractures.

Introduction: The distal end radius fracture represents a prevalent orthopedic condition that affects individuals across various age groups, commonly resulting from falls onto outstretched hands. Ongoing research endeavors have delved into diverse methodologies for addressing this condition, encompassing conservative and operative modalities, yielding variable outcomes. While the literature extensively delineates numerous mobilization approaches, such as the functional position cast and Colle's cast, scant comparative studies evaluate these immobilization forms.

Determination of sample size for various study designs in medical research: A practical primer.

Formulating a research question and selecting an appropriate study design for answering that question are crucial initial steps in the research process. The population, intervention, control group, and outcomes measures (PICO time and setting [TS]) framework provides a practical guide in this regard, which stands for population, intervention, control, outcome, type of research question, and study design. The various study designs have their own merits and demerits, and implementing the methodology meticulously requires knowledge of all of these.

Assessment of Functional Outcome and Postoperative Complications in Proximal Humerus Fracture Patients Managed With Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) Plating.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are primarily common in the old age group. The appropriate approach to managing such displaced and comminuted fracture patterns is often questionable. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the functional outcome of proximal humerus fractures following treatment with a proximal humerus locking plate and to assess the frequency of complications in such patients.

Qualitative evaluation of a molecular point-of-care testing study for influenza in UK primary care.

Background: Influenza contributes to the surge in winter infections and the consequent winter pressures on the health service. Molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) for influenza may improve patient management by providing rapid and accurate clinical diagnosis to inform the timely initiation of antiviral therapy and reduce unnecessary admissions and antibiotics use.

Aim: To explore factors that influence the adoption or non-adoption of POCT in English general practices and provide insights to enable its integration into routine practice workflows.

Risk factors for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in autoimmune disease: a large database analysis.

Immune dysregulation in autoimmune diseases (ADs) is a risk factor for the development of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Hence, this retrospective study aims to describe the clinical and demographic factors that increase the risk of NHL development in patients with ADs.

Prevalence and Associations of Depression in Parents of Children With Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: A Single-Centre Study.

Introduction: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital deformity that requires weekly visits to the hospital for manipulation and corrective cast application, followed by an intensive bracing regimen requiring multiple visits to the hospital spread over the years. Parents of children with clubfoot are known to undergo a range of negative emotions. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with depression in parents of children with idiopathic CTEV.

A Rare Case of Anti-TIF-1γ Antibody Positive Dermatomyositis in Adulthood.

Dermatomyositis (DM) presents with inflammatory myopathy and distinct skin manifestations, often linked to specific autoantibodies. Anti-transcriptional intermediary factor-1 gamma (TIF-1γ) antibodies (Abs) are typically linked to DM in older patients and malignancy in 15% to 40% of cases. We highlight a case of a 24-year-old female who presented with weakness of proximal muscles, periorbital edema, heliotrope rash, erosions on oral mucosa, and painful scaly rash on the lower extremities.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Neuropathic Pain Associated With Quality of Sleep in Spondylosis Patients.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain (NP) is common in spondylosis patients. Cervical and lumbar spondylosis are more common in the elderly population. Spondylosis patients also suffer from poor quality of sleep (QOS).

Interim 2023/2024 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary and Secondary Care in the United Kingdom.

Background: We report 2023/2024 season interim influenza vaccine effectiveness for three studies, namely, primary care in Great Britain, hospital settings in Scotland and hospital settings in England.

Methods: A test negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness.

Results: Estimated vaccine effectiveness against all influenzas ranged from 63% (95% confidence interval 46 to 75%) to 65% (41 to 79%) among children aged 2-17, from 36% (20 to 49%) to 55% (43 to 65%) among adults 18-64 and from 40% (29 to 50%) to 55% (32 to 70%) among adults aged 65 and over.

Subclinical hypothyroidism in Wales from 2000 to 2021: A descriptive cohort study based on electronic health records.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a biochemical thyroid disorder characterised by elevated levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) together with normal levels of thyroid hormones. Evidence on the benefits of treatment is limited, resulting in persistent controversies relating to its clinical management.

Aim: This study describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients identified as having subclinical hypothyroidism in Wales between 2000 and 2021, the annual cumulative incidence during this period and the testing and treatment patterns associated with this disorder.

An Unusual Presentation of Membranous Nephropathy in an Adult With Arthrogryposis: A Case Report.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune condition that is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in nondiabetic adults. In this study, we highlight a case of a 22-year-old male with a past medical history of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) who initially presented with right flank pain and hematuria. Subsequent workup revealed significant proteinuria with biopsy-proven primary MN.

End of 2022/23 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary Care in Great Britain.

Background: The 2022/23 influenza season in the United Kingdom saw the return of influenza to prepandemic levels following two seasons with low influenza activity. The early season was dominated by A(H3N2), with cocirculation of A(H1N1), reaching a peak late December 2022, while influenza B circulated at low levels during the latter part of the season. From September to March 2022/23, influenza vaccines were offered, free of charge, to all aged 2-13 (and 14-15 in Scotland and Wales), adults up to 49 years of age with clinical risk conditions and adults aged 50 and above across the mainland United Kingdom.

Phenotype execution and modeling architecture to support disease surveillance and real-world evidence studies: English sentinel network evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate Phenotype Execution and Modelling Architecture (PhEMA), to express sharable phenotypes using Clinical Quality Language (CQL) and intensional Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) Clinical Terms (CT) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) valuesets, for exemplar chronic disease, sociodemographic risk factor, and surveillance phenotypes.

Method: We curated 3 phenotypes: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), excessive alcohol use, and incident influenza-like illness (ILI) using CQL to define clinical and administrative logic. We defined our phenotypes with valuesets, using SNOMED's hierarchy and expression constraint language, and CQL, combining valuesets and adding temporal elements where needed.