Publications by authors named "Agrawal Mayank"
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of machine learning and neural network models in predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men after undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).
- 516 patients were analyzed, with 234 developing BCR during the median follow-up period of 24 months.
- Results indicated that XGBoost and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) models outperformed traditional methods, showing higher accuracy in predicting BCR.
Article Synopsis
- A new nanoparticle catalysis technique allows for the efficient hydrogenation of alkyl carbonate, which is produced from captured CO, under ambient conditions, creating a one-pot process for CO conversion and air capture.
- This method operates at room temperature with a KOH-ethylene glycol solution, achieving nearly complete CO conversion and over 90% yield of formate when using ammonia borane.
- Atomistic simulations support the stability of the CO absorption process and the effectiveness of the nanoparticle catalyst in breaking the C-O bonds necessary for transforming alkyl carbonate to formate, while regenerating the ethylene glycol solvent.
The atomic vibrations of a solid surface can play a significant role in the reactions of surface-bound molecules, as well as their adsorption and desorption. Relevant phonon modes can involve the collective motion of atoms over a wide array of length scales. In this paper, we demonstrate how the generalized Langevin equation can be utilized to describe these collective motions weighted by their coupling to individual sites.
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- * A 37-year-old woman, who had ileocystoplasty 25 years prior due to a bladder condition, experienced hematuria and was found to have a bladder mass through cystoscopy.
- * After undergoing surgery for the tumor, the pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma, but the patient recovered well and remained symptom-free after 6 months, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for cancer in such cases.
Article Synopsis
- - The UiO-6x family of metal-organic frameworks is being studied for their potential to capture and destroy chemical warfare agents (CWAs), with a focus on understanding diffusion processes to improve material effectiveness.
- - Due to the large size of CWAs, direct molecular simulations are challenging with pristine UiO-66, so isopropanol (IPA) is used as a model molecule to investigate diffusion mechanisms in the framework.
- - The study reveals that hydrogen bonding interactions significantly affect the diffusion of IPA in UiO-66, leading to a substantial decrease in diffusion rates and showing a mixed behavior in mobility among IPA molecules during simulations.
Article Synopsis
- - The research explores how delayed gratification influences behaviors like saving money and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- - Four large-scale online experiments involving nearly 13,000 participants investigated their choices between immediate and delayed rewards and measured their stress levels and pandemic-related behaviors.
- - Findings indicate that higher stress levels lead to impulsive decisions, while individuals with lower stress were more likely to engage in social distancing, offering insights for future public health policies.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses a rare case of a 24-year-old woman with continuous urinary incontinence due to vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulas after a total abdominal hysterectomy.
- Diagnosis involved cystoscopy revealing abnormal tissue and a hidden ureteric opening, indicating complex surgical needs.
- The surgery successfully repaired the fistulas and resolved incontinence, highlighting the importance of thorough investigation and histological checks for malignancy in similar cases.
Article Synopsis
- - A rare and serious complication can occur during a difficult delivery, where both the uterus and bladder rupture simultaneously, especially in first-time mothers.
- - The case discussed involves a 21-year-old woman who experienced obstructed labor, resulting in injuries to her bladder and vagina, along with a separation of her pubic bone.
- - Surgical intervention included repairing the bladder and vagina, along with stabilizing the pubic bone using an external fixator.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the complications and risks associated with indwelling ureteral stents left in place for over six months, which can lead to issues like stent migration and renal function loss.
- - Out of 114 patients analyzed, common symptoms included abdominal pain and dysuria, with a notable 7.9% experiencing permanent renal damage, often due to poor patient compliance and misunderstandings about stent duration.
- - Implementing a "three steps" prevention check significantly reduced the incidence of retained stents from 1.1% to 0.5%, highlighting the importance of timely follow-up and patient education for stent management.
Congenital Cryptorchidism Masquerading as Traumatic Dislocation of Testis.
J Emerg Trauma Shock
December 2021
Article Synopsis
- - Traumatic dislocation of testis (TDT) is rare but can occur during trauma, where the cremasteric reflex pulls the testis out of the scrotum to prevent injury, though it may be associated with severe injuries.
- - A case involving a 33-year-old man with bilateral congenital cryptorchidism revealed TDT after blunt trauma from a road accident; initially, it seemed like he had TDT due to a seemingly empty scrotal sac.
- - Detailed clinical history and imaging were crucial in properly diagnosing TDT, emphasizing the need for thorough evaluations when assessing genital trauma, especially when the scrotum appears well-developed but empty.
Article Synopsis
- PMDS is a rare form of internal male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by individuals with XY karyotypes having internal female reproductive organs due to a genetic defect involving Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) or its receptor.
- A 29-year-old male patient with PMDS was diagnosed after presenting with primary infertility, using imaging and karyotyping, leading to surgery that included hysterectomy and orchidopexy.
- The study emphasizes the need for surgeons to be aware of PMDS and consider it in cases of primary infertility, especially when bilateral undescended testis is present.
Article Synopsis
- The article analyzes cognitive fatigue and boredom as states of disengagement from tasks, proposing that they are linked to the brain's need to balance behavioral choices and computational tasks by evaluating opportunity costs over time.
- Rather than being a result of resource depletion, cognitive fatigue reflects the brain's internal processing to enhance future decision-making, while boredom indicates a need for external exploration of options.
- The authors argue that this framework provides a clear and comprehensive understanding of cognitive control and integrates various research findings into a cohesive theory.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers are using machine-learning algorithms and large datasets to improve the understanding of human decision-making in fields like social sciences and engineering.
- They conducted the largest experiment on risky choices and analyzed the results with advanced techniques to find new insights.
- Their work not only confirmed past findings but also developed a new, more precise model that incorporates historical research on decision-making.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of three different surgical techniques (tunica vaginalis flap, dorsal preputial dartos flap, and spongioplasty) as additional layers after repairing the urethra in boys with various types of hypospadias.
- A total of 97 patients underwent Snodgrass repair, with outcomes analyzed based on factors like appearance, urinary function, and complications.
- The findings suggested that DPF is best for distal hypospadias, TVF for mid/proximal hypospadias, and that spongioplasty may suffice where tissue is strong to minimize complications.
Article Synopsis
- Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) like LMOF-202 are being studied for their potential to effectively adsorb carbon dioxide (CO).
- The study utilized Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to explore how different metal ions impact the CO adsorption capacity and selectivity in LMOF-202.
- By switching the metal ion from zinc (Zn) to barium (Ba), the CO capture capability of the material was enhanced by about 1.5 times, proving its viability for real-world carbon capture applications.
Scale-free, programmable design of morphable chain loops of kilobots and colloidal motors.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
April 2020
Article Synopsis
- Micron-scale robots face challenges with limited materials that aren't easily programmable, needing new systems that can change shape based on external controls like heat or light.
- * We propose a design strategy using active colloidal particles as motors, arranged in a loop that can fold and morph into various shapes by adjusting six design parameters.
- * Our approach, validated through brownian dynamics simulations and applied to centimeter-scale robots, allows for building versatile and autonomous robots that are compatible with both small and large scales.
Article Synopsis
- - Large datasets can be valuable for psychologists, but without a proper methodology, analyses may lead to misleading conclusions instead of valid insights.
- - The authors propose a new method called "Scientific Regret Minimization" (SRM), which uses machine learning to guide model building by minimizing errors in predictions from large datasets.
- - Using SRM on the Moral Machine dataset, the researchers improve models of human moral judgment and uncover three significant moral phenomena: criminal dehumanization, age of responsibility, and asymmetric notions of responsibility.
Article Synopsis
- Molecular modeling helps us understand how substances like sarin can be separated from mixtures using nanoporous materials, focusing on molecular-level details.
- The study contrasts predictions of adsorption selectivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) when treated as rigid versus flexible frameworks.
- Findings indicate that acknowledging the flexibility of MOFs can significantly change the predictions for adsorption selectivity, especially for complex mixtures with different molecule sizes and polar characteristics.
Does repeat synthesis in materials chemistry obey a power law?
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2020
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the reproducibility of scientific data by analyzing how often the synthesis of new materials is repeated in literature, focusing particularly on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
- A power-law model is proposed to describe the frequency of repeat syntheses, indicating that while many MOFs follow this model, some "supermaterials" are synthesized much more frequently than predicted.
- The findings suggest that many repeat syntheses may not be documented in publications, highlighting opportunities to improve reporting of reproducible experiments in materials chemistry.
Article Synopsis
- - Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are being evaluated for their ability to selectively capture chemical warfare agents (CWAs) like sarin.
- - The study calculates how quickly sarin can move through different types of MOFs, finding that it diffuses quickly in some frameworks (e.g., MIL-47) but slowly in others (e.g., ZIF-8).
- - The research aims to improve the design of devices for detecting and capturing CWAs, highlighting the varying effectiveness of different MOFs based on their diffusion properties.
Effects of Intrinsic Flexibility on Adsorption Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks at Dilute and Nondilute Loadings.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
August 2019
Article Synopsis
- Molecular simulations are increasingly used to study adsorption in nanoporous materials, often assuming the adsorbing material is rigid.
- This research investigates how the flexibility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) affects the adsorption of various gases and mixtures, particularly at different concentrations.
- Findings indicate that while framework flexibility has a minor effect on single-component adsorption levels, it significantly influences adsorption selectivity, especially in dilute conditions, highlighting its importance for accurate predictions in MOF studies.
Predicting beta bursts from local field potentials to improve closed-loop DBS paradigms in Parkinson's patients.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
July 2018
Article Synopsis
- Motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are linked to abnormal synchrony in the beta frequency band of neural activity, particularly in the basal ganglia.
- Researchers created algorithms to identify and predict these harmful beta bursts in real-time, enhancing the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy.
- Their findings show that tailored DBS approaches can selectively target pathological bursts while conserving energy, which could lead to improved treatment outcomes and longer device battery life.
Association of acute stent strut malapposition on long-term outcomes.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv
August 2018
Article Synopsis
- - This study explores how binary mixtures of passive and active particles (CAPs) behave when CAPs are propelled toward passive particles upon contact, revealing that a mixture with just 10% CAPs can separate into dense and dilute phases.
- - The dense phase's structure varies depending on the CAP proportion and their propulsion force, leading to several organized types, including crystals and gels.
- - The research also notes that mixtures with less than 35% CAPs can generate traveling density waves due to asymmetries at the interface, highlighting potential applications in creating versatile materials with different structures and dynamics.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the causes and prevalence of strut malapposition in stents that were deemed optimally deployed through angiography.
- A new classification system was used to categorize the factors contributing to malapposition, with localized lumen enlargement being the most prevalent cause.
- Despite angiographic optimization, malapposition occurred in about 74.5% of stents, highlighting the need for further research to determine if using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after stenting improves patient outcomes.