Hyaluronic Acid Hampers the Inflammatory Response Elicited by Extracellular Vesicles from Activated Monocytes in Human Chondrocytes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the adult population. OA is the result of multiple mechanisms leading to inflammation and the degradation of the cartilage. A complex series of etiological actors have been identified so far, including extracellular vesicles (EVs).

G-Quadruplex Structures as Epigenetic Regulatory Elements in Priming of Defense Genes upon Short-Term Inoculation in Maize.

Symbiosis establishment between and plant roots triggers the priming of defense responses, among other effects. Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms that allow the plant to remain alert to future stimulus, either by pathogen attack or any other abiotic stress. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as a strategy to explain the increased defense response of plants in a priming state conferred by .

Comparison of the Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Between the Pre- and Post-lockdown Periods.

Introduction: In 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak required restrictive measures to limit the spread of the virus. This study aimed to assess how changes in dietary habits and lifestyle associated with such measures have affected the characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the post-lockdown period. In particular, we evaluated if the incidence of ACS was higher in younger patients, who were more negatively affected by lockdown measures.

Trichoderma root colonization in maize triggers epigenetic changes in genes related to the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways that prime defenses against Colletotrichum graminicola leaf infection.

Beneficial interactions between plant roots and Trichoderma species lead to both local and systemic enhancements of the plant immune system through a mechanism known as priming of defenses. Previously, we have reported a number of genes and proteins that are differentially regulated in distant tissues of maize plants following inoculation with Trichoderma atroviride. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the systemic activation of plant responses, here we have further evaluated the regulatory aspects of a selected group of genes when priming is triggered in maize plants.

[Care for persons living with HIV in primary health care: reconfigurations of the healthcare network?].

The study analyzes the recent experience with decentralization of care for persons living with HIV in primary health care (PHC) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is backed by a qualitative survey in PHC units in a region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on participant observation, focus groups with healthcare workers, and individual interviews with the latter and with patients in 2018 and 2019. The data show (although with uneven distribution) the advanced implementation of rapid tests and expansion of the number of persons followed by the services, besides problems and innovations in the forms of access to PHC, aspects in the management of confidentiality, and the central role of family and community physicians in the care.

Proteome impact on maize silks under the priming state induced by Trichoderma root colonization.

Trichoderma activates plant proteins to counteract Fusarium infection. Comparison between proteomic and transcriptomic data suggests differential response regulation. Proteins from the phenylpropanoid pathway are activated to quickly respond to pathogen attack.

The Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic amidst the crisis.

"Crisis" is a phenomenon that is part of global and local policies with social, political, and economic repercussions. It is the context of this paper that aims to reflect on the Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. We examined the realms of this phenomenon, such as the review of the consensus on austerity policies, their impact and the construction of "anti-agendas" that hinder the narrative of human rights, gender, sexuality, and health and hamper HIV/AIDS prevention and care.

[HIV/Aids management at the primary care level in Brazil: a challenge for the Unified Health System?Cuidados de pacientes VIH / SIDA y atención primaria en Brasil: desafíos para la atención en el Sistema Único de Salud?].

In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) entails the establishment of hierarchical and regionalized networks coordinated from the primary health care (PHC) level, which is also the entry point into the system. Recently, as a result of new guidelines and experiences in Brazil, PCH has been assigned a more substantial role in the care and management of people living with HIV/Aids, tasks traditionally performed at specialized clinics. The present article contextualizes and problematizes this recent process of decentralized care to people living the HIV/Aids in the context of the SUS.

Deciphering the number and location of active sites in the monomeric glyoxalase I of Zea mays.

Detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxic by-product of central sugar metabolism, is a major issue for all forms of life. The glyoxalase pathway evolved to effectively convert methylglyoxal into d-lactate via a glutathione hemithioacetal intermediate. Recently, we have shown that the monomeric glyoxalase I from maize exhibits a symmetric fold with two cavities, potentially harboring two active sites, in analogy with homodimeric enzyme surrogates.

Long-Lasting Primed State in Maize Plants: Salicylic Acid and Steroid Signaling Pathways as Key Players in the Early Activation of Immune Responses in Silks.

In the present study, we investigated the induced systemic resistance (ISR) activated by the beneficial fungus Trichoderma atroviride in maize plants, and the early immunological responses triggered after challenge with the ear rot pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. By transcriptional analysis, we were able to identify the gene core set specifically modulated in silks of maize plants expressing ISR. Our results showed that the main transcriptional reprogramming falls into genes involved in five main functional categories: cell structure or cell wall, amino acid and protein metabolism, stress responses, signaling, and transport.

PhTx3-4, a Spider Toxin Calcium Channel Blocker, Reduces NMDA-Induced Injury of the Retina.

The in vivo neuroprotective effect of PhTx3-4, a spider toxin N-P/Q calcium channel blocker, was studied in a rat model of NMDA-induced injury of the retina. NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)-induced retinal injury in rats reduced the b-wave amplitude by 62% ± 3.6%, indicating the severity of the insult.

Mathematics Anxiety, Working Memory, and Mathematics Performance in Secondary-School Children.

Mathematics anxiety (MA) has been defined as "a feeling of tension and anxiety that interferes with the manipulation of numbers and the solving of math problems in a wide variety of ordinary life and academic situations." Previous studies have suggested that a notable proportion of children in primary and secondary school suffer from MA, which is negatively correlated with calculation skills. The processing efficiency and attentional control theories suggest that working memory (WM) also plays an important part in such anxious feelings.

Structure of the novel monomeric glyoxalase I from Zea mays.

The glyoxalase system is ubiquitous among all forms of life owing to its central role in relieving the cell from the accumulation of methylglyoxal, a toxic metabolic byproduct. In higher plants, this system is upregulated under diverse metabolic stress conditions, such as in the defence response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Despite their proven fundamental role in metabolic stresses, plant glyoxalases have been poorly studied.

Phoneutria spider toxins block ischemia-induced glutamate release and neuronal death of cell layers of the retina.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers, spider toxins, on cell viability and the glutamate content of ischemic retinal slices.

Methods: Rat retinal slices were subjected to ischemia via exposure to oxygen-deprived low-glucose medium for 45 minutes. Slices were either treated or not treated with the toxins PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4.

Evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing postoperative infection after mandibular third molar extraction in young patients.

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of antibiotic prophylaxis on postoperative complications after inferior third molar removal in young patients.

Patients And Methods: We extracted 59 mandibular third molars from 59 patients with a mean age of 15 years (range, 12-19 years). The patients were included in the study when radiographs at the time of surgery showed that only the crown of the tooth germ was formed.

Injury deaths in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil, 1996-2002.

The objective was to analyse injury mortality in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis, Brazil, from 1996 to 2002. The study design was an ecological model. The mortality distribution was calculated along with the mortality rate due to injury in general and also by specific causes for each year during the study period and for the region's most populous towns.

Visual spatial integration in the elderly.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ageing on contour integration in subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 99 years.

Methods: Detection thresholds were measured for a closed chain of Gabor patches oriented tangentially to a circle (target) embedded in a background of randomly positioned and oriented Gabors (noise). Detection thresholds were measured for different distances of elements composing the target.

Myoinositol/folic acid combination for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes men: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Erectile dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes. Diabetes can cause neuropathy or damage to nerves throughout your body, including the penis. Damaged nerves can't communicate properly.

Effects of the position of fibroids on fertility.

This prospective, controlled study was performed in order to evaluate whether the location of uterine fibroids may influence reproductive function in women and whether removal of the fibroid prior to conception may improve pregnancy rate and pregnancy maintenance. We examined 181 women affected by uterine fibroids who had been trying to conceive for at least 1 year without success. The main outcome measures were the pregnancy rate and the miscarriage rate.

Efficacy and safety of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in hormone replacement therapy.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy (in terms of induction of uterine bleeding) and safety (in terms of absence of endometrial hyperplasia) of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17alpha-HPC) in a therapeutic regimen for hormonal replacement after menopause. Fifty postmenopausal patients received hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for 24 weeks. The treatment regimen consisted of standard estrogen replacement therapy at commonly prescribed doses for the prevention of climacteric symptoms and 341 mg of 17alpha-HPC every 30 days.

Genetic and morphological findings in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler disease [PFIC-1] and Byler syndrome): evidence for heterogeneity.

Byler disease (ByD) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which cholestasis of onset in infancy leads to hepatic fibrosis and death. Children who have a clinically similar disorder, but are not members of the Amish kindred in which ByD was described, are said to have Byler syndrome (ByS). Controversy exists as to whether ByD and ByS (subtypes of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis [PFIC]) represent one clinicopathological entity.

Atypical hyperlipidemia and nephropathy associated with apolipoprotein E homozygosity.

Hyperlipidemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental progressive glomerulosclerosis, but its role in human renal injury is controversial. This report describes a 12-yr-old boy presenting with massive proteinuria, hepatomegaly, anemia, severe mixed hyperlipidemia, and progressive renal failure. The initial renal biopsy disclosed large numbers of foam cells that were shown to be monocytes.