[Infective endocarditis in a patient with vision disorders].

Roth spots are petechiae of the retina with a white or pale center that corresponds to a bundle of cotton wool or a multinuclear leukocyte aggregate. Often considered a sign of bacterial endocarditis, they are an unspecific symptom, usually more commonly seen in patients with hematopoietic system diseases. A 56-year-old patient reported to the hospital due to sudden visual impairment.

[Visual disorder after visual contact with a geodetic laser].

Macular edema is a rare complication that can occur under the influence of light. Damage occurs as a result of focusing the light beam on the macula. A 23-year-old patient reported to the hospital due to a sudden reduction in visual acuity of the left eye after visual contact with a geodetic laser at work.

[Pseudoexfoliation syndrom].

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is systematic microfibrylopathy associated with abnormalities of the accumulation of the extracellular matrix - buildup of protein clumps of abnormal basal membrane of trabecular epithelium, iris, ciliary body and lens capsule. The exfoliation material accumulates in anterior segment of a human eye (anterior lens capsule, ciliary zonule, ciliary body, iris, trabecular, anterior hyaloid membrane, conjunctiva) and other organs such as heart, connective tissue of lungs, vessels, skin, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, urinary bladder and meninges. People with PEX are more likely to develop cardio-vascular diseases, hearing loss and Alzheimer's disease as well.

[Assessment of visual acuity in aphakia patient after bilateral cataract removal].

Congenital cataracts are lens opacities that are already present at birth or are developing in the first years of life. Treatment consists of the surgical removal of the lens. Bilateral cataract deeply impairs vision, preventing the development of physiological reflex fixation and causes the development of nystagmus about 3 months of age.