Pharmaceutical Household Waste Practices: Preliminary Findings from a Case Study in Poland.

Pharmaceutical consumption continues to grow constantly. Unused/expired pharmaceuticals are disposed of to the municipal sewage system or waste disposal. Consequently, many countries have implemented a system of collecting pharmaceutical waste, with pharmacies playing an important role.

[Antibiotics in primary care].

Discovered in the forties of the twentieth century antimicrobial agents have changed the world. Currently, due to their overuse, we are threatened by the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, and soon we may face a threat of inability to fight these pathogens. For that reason, the world, European and national organizations introduce antibiotics protection programs.

[Neuroradiologic imaging results suggestive of parasitic cysts in central nervous system in course of neoplastic disorders--cases report].

Cystic changes within CNS, revealed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, pose difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We present two patients with primary diagnosis of parasitic cysts of CNS, in whom neoplastic etiology was finally confirmed. Differential diagnosis of cystic foci should from the beginning include not only parasitic infections, but also neoplastic diseases, which are much more frequent in Poland at present and in which prolonged diagnostic process and delayed treatment is highly unfavorable.

[Blood-brain barrier--function of Mato cells].

Brain because of its functions, is isolated from either external or internal environment. This function is performed by skull, cerebral meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and unique system of mechanisms and barriers restricting exchange of oxygen, soluble substances between blood, nervous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Mato cells, located in Virchow-Robin's space play a key role in blood-brain barrier.

[Hereditary angioedema--treatment].

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal-dominant condition, characterized by episodic recurrent attacks of angioedema, which can be occasionally life-threatening. Therapy for HAE consists of three points: treatment of acute attacks and both short- and long-term prophylaxis. Authors describe the methods which should be performed during the attacks of angioedema and drugs for those situations.

[Hereditary angioedema--pathophysiology, genetics, symptoms].

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but important disease because of the occurrence of life-threatening symptoms during attacks as well as due to diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Deficiency or absence of plasma protein--C1 esterase inhibitor is autosomal dominant condition and is connected with uncontrolled complement and contact systems activation which leads to the generation of vasoactive mediators, most likely bradykinin. The main syndromes are recurrent attacks of localized swelling of submucosal and subcutaneous tissue, or both.

[Concentrations of soluble forms of adhesive particles: sVCAM-1, sPECAM-1, sVAP in early localized and late disseminated borreliosis].

Objective: Serum concentration of sVCAM-1, sPECAM- i sVAP in Lyme borreliosis patients with early localized-erythema migrans (EM) and disseminated Lyme arthritis (LA), before and after treatment were estimated.

Material And Methods: Twenty subjects with EM, and 20 persons with LA were enrolled to examinations. Control group consisted of 10 healthy blood donors.