The Use of Gel Electrophoresis to Separate Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplicons Allows for the Easy Identification and Assessment of the Spread of Toxigenic Strains.

is a common etiological factor of hospital infections, which, in extreme cases, can lead to the death of patients. Most strains belonging to this bacterium species synthesize very dangerous toxins: toxin A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) and binary toxin (CDT). The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of agarose gel electrophoresis separation of multiplex PCR amplicons to investigate the toxinogenic potential of strains.

Usefulness of Capillary Gel Electrophoresis-Based PCR for Detection of Strains with Hypervirulent Ribotypes.

is a complex of anaerobic bacteria responsible for the epidemics of post-antibiotic diarrhea as one of the examples of CDI ( infection). As many as 70% of cases concern hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units. Ribotyping is one of the most common methods for differentiating bacterial strains.

Usefulness of Molecular Methods for Detection in Pediatric Patients and Their Correlation with Histopathological Sydney Classification.

infections, as one of the most prevalent among humans, are generally acquired during childhood, and are one of the main causes of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. A bacterial culture from a gastric biopsy is the gold standard and is the only method that has 100% specificity. However, its sensitivity varies, depending on experience of the laboratory staff, applied culture media, specimen transport conditions, biopsy site, and quality of the sample.

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis-Based RAPD-PCR-An Optimization of the Conditions to Rapidly Detect Similarity of the Alert Pathogens for the Purpose of Epidemiological Studies.

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a well-known tool to detect DNA fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Its usefulness has also been confirmed for epidemiological studies based on restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP), usually performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Little is known on the effectiveness for alert-pathogen epidemiological studies of another less time-consuming and costly technique called randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR).

Bacteraemia Caused by Probiotic Strains of -Case Studies Highlighting the Need for Careful Thought before Using Microbes for Health Benefits.

Lactic acid bacteria belonging to spp. and spp. are a natural part of fermented milk and other food products, probiotic supplements and human microbiota.

Decoding Genetic Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections.

is a Gram-negative rod and an etiological factor of opportunistic infections. The infections of this etiology appear mostly among hospitalized patients and are relatively hard to treat due to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of infection, the coexistence of which have a significant impact on the course of an infection with a particular localization.

Assessment of the Relationship between Clinical Manifestation and Pathogenic Potential of Strains-Distribution of Genes and Genotypes of Toxins.

is one of the most important species among beta-haemolytic streptococci, causing human infections of different localization. It is isolated from clinical specimens relatively frequently. In this study, the frequency and co-occurrence of toxin genes (, , , , , ) among 147 strains were evaluated, using real-time PCR.

Conventional and Real-Time PCR Targeting Genes as Reliable Methods for a Rapid Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Clinical Strains.

Multidrug-resistant , particularly those producing carbapenemases, are spread worldwide. A reliable detection of carbapenemases is essential to choose the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and, consequently, prevent the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant strains. The aim of this study is to examine the molecular basis of the carbapenem resistance mechanism and estimation of conventional PCR and real-time PCR usefulness for the detection of oxacillinases when compared to phenotypic carbapenemases detection.

Motility and the genotype diversity of the flagellin genes fliC and fliD among Clostridioides difficile ribotypes.

Objective: The motility and genotype of the flagellin fliC and fliD genes were investigated in 82 Clostridioides difficile isolates belonging to the ribotypes (RTs): 027 (n = 41), 176 (n = 17), 023 (n = 8), 017 (n = 6) and 046 (n = 10). The reference C. difficile strains 630 and M120 were included as controls for the motility assay.

Carbapenem-Resistant Strains-Distribution of the Essential Enzymatic Virulence Factors Genes.

is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens, with increasing isolation frequency in nosocomial infections. Herein, we investigated whether antimicrobial-resistant strains, e.g.

Comparison of the recommended colistin susceptibility testing methods with colistin gradient strips and semi-automated method for antimicrobial-resistant non-fermenting rods.

An increased frequency of multidrug-resistant non-fermenting rods isolation has resulted in the excessive use of colistin - often the last chance antimicrobial. However, determination of colistin susceptibility is difficult, mainly because of its structure and limited diffusion properties. This study was performed to compare colistin susceptibility testing among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 49) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 49) strains.

Relapsing Peritonitis and Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Report of Two Cases.

Peritonitis is considered to be the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is usually caused by Gram positive are rare pathogens, but there is emerging evidence that they may be also responsible for PD related peritonitis. We described 2 cases of rare peritonitis treated in our center.

Identification of spp.: Comparison of three methods.

Background: Raoultella is a Gram-negative bacteria, which commonly occur in the natural environment such as water, soil and on plants. In recent years, Raoultella spp. gained more interest.

Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with diarrhoea: Results of a Polish multicenter, prospective, biannual point-prevalence study.

Purpose: We aimed to measure the underdiagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection across Poland and the distribution of PCR-ribotypes of C. difficile.

Material And Methods: Twenty seven Polish healthcare facilities (HCFs) participated in this prospective study.

The Prevalence of Exoenzyme S Gene in Multidrug-Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rods are one of the most commonly isolated microorganisms from clinical specimens, usually responsible for nosocomial infections. Antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains may present reduced expression of virulence factors.

Fecal microbiota transplantation - methods of treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections and other diseases.

Clostridium difficile is a serious epidemiological problem and particularly dangerous microorganism causing hospital infections. Currently, the treatment of C. difficile infections is the use of metronidazole or vancomycin.

Correlation between the number of Pro-Ala repeats in the EmrA homologue of Acinetobacter baumannii and resistance to netilmicin, tobramycin, imipenem and ceftazidime.

Acinetobacter baumannii coccobacilli are dangerous to patients in intensive care units because of their multidrug resistance to antibiotics, developed mainly in the past decade. This study aimed to examine whether there is a significant correlation between the number of Pro-Ala repeats in the CAP01997 protein, the EmrA homologue of A. baumannii, and resistance to antibiotics.

Antibacterial activity of selected commercial products for mouth washing and disinfection, assessed in accordance with PN-EN 1040.

Background: Currently, there is a wide range of products for mouth washing on the Polish market. They have different qualitative and quantitative compositions, and they differ particularly in the concentration of active substances. In antisepsis and disinfection, the significant reduction in number of cells of microorganisms in a particular environment is very crucial.

Candidaemia in polish hospitals - a multicentre survey.

Significant changes in the frequency of candidaemia and the distribution of causative species have been noted worldwide in the last two decades. In this study, we present the results of the first multicentre survey of fungaemia in Polish hospitals. A total of 302 candidaemia episodes in 294 patients were identified in 20 hospitals during a 2-year period.

Usefulness of phenotypic and genotypic methods for metallo-beta-lactamases detection in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic microorganism with an increasing role in nosocomial outbreaks. For the last 2 decades, a growing number of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains have been identified, including the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) producers.

[Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilm formation on the surface of polypropylene mesh].

A serious complication of hernioplasty with the use of a biomaterial implant is deep surgical site infection (SSI) encompassing the implant. Among the most common etiological factors of deep SSI in patients after hernioplasty are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains, which may create a biofilm on the surface of synthetic implants. The aim of this study was assessment of biofilm formation by S.

[Occurrence and susceptibility to antibiotics of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains between 1998 and 2009].

P. aeruginosa rods are dangerous pathogens mainly responsible for nosocomial infections of different localization. Resistance to carbapenems, observed among them, is a serious threat due to ability to be transmitted between bacterial species.

[Clinical strains isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia].

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus which is becoming increasingly recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen especially in debilitated or immune suppressed patients. S. maltophilia is found in a wide variety of environments.

[Relatedness of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci].

Many identification and relatedness studies methods had been commonly used for epidemiological studies in microbiological laboratories. Apart from phenotypic methods, genotypic are also often used. The aim of this study was to compare, obtained by PFGE chromosomal DNA patterns of methicillin-resistant S.

[Use of phenotypic methods to estimate species diversity for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains--comparative analysis].

Many identification and typing methods has been commonly used in microbiological laboratories. Phenotypic methods are the most frequently used. The aim of this study was to compare biochemical profiles and susceptibility patterns ofmethicillin-resistant S.