Myristoylated derivatives of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (stavudine) bi-functional prodrugs with potent anti-HIV-1 activity and low cytotoxicity.

Background: To improve in vitro antiviral activity and selectivity of stavudine (d4T), a range of its bi-functional prodrugs, 5'-O-myristoylated derivatives, have been synthesized.

Methods: Stavudine 5'-O-myristoylated esters were synthesized using modified Parang's procedure. The cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity was evaluated in the established MT-4 cell line.

Thiated derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorothymidine: synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and interaction with recombinant drug resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase forms.

Various thiated analogues of thymine 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoronucleoside (FLT) and their 5'-monophosphates and 5'-triphosphates were prepared with the use of modified multistep procedures. The thiated analogues of FLT and FLTMP were evaluated against the wild type and drug- and multidrug-resistant strains of HIV-1, using the replicative phenotyping format of the deCIPhR assay, and showed potent inhibition of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains at low cytotoxicity. Additionally, inhibition of recombinant drug resistant forms of reverse transcriptase from single and multiple HIV-1 mutants by the synthesized 5'-triphosphates was investigated.

Partial selective inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerases γ and β by thiated 3'-fluorothymidine analogue 5'-triphosphates.

3'-Deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine (FLT, alovudine(®)) belongs to the most potent agents inhibiting HIV-1 replication. Its 5'-triphosphate (FLTTP) is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV RT). Unfortunately, FLT exerts substantial hematologic toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.

Synthesis and anti-HIV properties of novel 6-phenylselenenyl-5-propyluracils.

Novel 6-phenylselenenyl-5-propyluracils were synthesized from 5-propyluracil with the use of regioselective synthesis to give 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-6-phenylselenenyl-5-propyluracil (6), 1-ethoxymethyl-6-phenylselenenyl-5-propyluracil (9) and 1-benzyloxymethyl-6-phenylselenenyl-5-propyluracil (10). Interaction of these compounds with recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) was evaluated using a non-isotopic colorimetric method. Compounds 9 and 10 exerted potent HIV RT inhibition (IC(50) 0.