Enhanced Synthesis of Poly(1,4-butanediol itaconate) via Box-Behnken Design Optimization.

At present, there are too few organ and tissue donors. Due to the needs of the medical market, scientists are seeking new solutions. Those can be found in tissue engineering by synthesizing synthetic cell scaffolds.

Exploring the application of poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate)/polylactide nonwovens in cell culturing.

Biomaterials containing citric acid as a building unit show potential for use as blood vessel and skin tissue substitutes. The success in commercializing implants containing a polymer matrix of poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) provides a rationale for exploring polycitrates based on other diols. Changing the aliphatic chain length of the diol allows functional design strategies to control the implant's mechanical properties, degradation profile and surface energy.

Poly(glycerol itaconate) Crosslinking via the aza-Michael Reaction-A Preliminary Research.

In unsaturated glycerol polyesters, the C=C bond is present. It makes it possible to carry out post-polymerisation modification (PPM) reactions, such as aza-Michael addition. This reaction can conduct crosslinking under in-situ conditions for tissue engineering regeneration.

From Poly(glycerol itaconate) Gels to Novel Nonwoven Materials for Biomedical Applications.

Electrospinning is a process that has attracted significant interest in recent years. It provides the opportunity to produce nanofibers that mimic the extracellular matrix. As a result, it is possible to use the nonwovens as scaffolds characterized by high cellular adhesion.

A Study of the Properties of Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration Modified with Gel-like Coatings of Chitosan and Folic Acid.

The research has been conducted to obtain scaffolds for cancellous bone regeneration. Polylactide scaffolds were made by the phase inversion method with a freeze-extraction variant, including gelling polylactide in its non-solvent. Substitutes made of polylactide are hydrophobic, which limits cell adhesion.

Biological Activity of Poly(1,3-propanediol citrate) Films and Nonwovens: Mechanical, Thermal, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity Studies.

Polymers are of great interest for medical and cosmeceutical applications. The current trend is to combine materials of natural and synthetic origin in order to obtain products with appropriate mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, additionally biodegradable and bioresorbable. Citric acid, being an important metabolite, is an interesting substance for the synthesis of materials for biomedical applications.

Chitosan-Based High-Intensity Modification of the Biodegradable Substitutes for Cancellous Bone.

An innovative approach to treating bone defects is using synthetic bone substitutes made of biomaterials. The proposed method to obtain polylactide scaffolds using the phase inversion technique with a freeze extraction variant enables the production of substitutes with morphology similar to cancellous bone (pore size 100-400 µm, open porosity 94%). The high absorbability of the implants will enable their use as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) carriers in future medical devices.

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Poly(1,4-butanediol citrate) Gels for Cell Culturing.

One of the main branches of regenerative medicine is biomaterials research, which is designed to develop and study materials for regenerative therapies, controlled drug delivery systems, wound dressings, etc. Research is continually being conducted to find biomaterials-especially polymers-with better biocompatibility, broader modification possibilities and better application properties. This study describes a potential biomaterial, poly(1,4-butanediol citrate).

Optimization of the Poly(glycerol citraconate) Synthesis Using the Box-Behnken Design.

This work aimed to obtain poly(glycerol citraconate) (PGCitrn) for biomedical applications, analyze the obtained polyester by spectroscopic methods, and optimize its preparation. Polycondensation reactions of glycerol and citraconic anhydride were carried out. It was provided that the results in the reaction are oligomers of poly(glycerol citraconate).

Rapid and Efficient Optimization of Poly(1,2-Ethanediol Citrate) Synthesis Based on Magic Squares' Various Methods.

New biomaterials among aliphatic polyesters are in demand due to their potential applications in tissue engineering. There is a challenge not only to design scaffolds to regenerate defects in load-bearing tissues but also to ensure a proper blood supply to the reconstructed tissues. Poly-(1,2-ethanediol citrate) is one of the novel citrate-based polymers that could have the desired properties for cell scaffold fabrication and for enhancing cell adhesion.

Stress-Induced Intensification of Deoxyshikonin Production in Hairy Root Cultures with Ester-Based Scaffolds.

In vitro plant cell and tissue culture systems allow for controlling a wide range of culture environmental factors selectively influencing biomass growth and the yield of secondary metabolites. Among the most efficient methods, complex supplementation of the culture medium with elicitors, precursors, and other functional substances may significantly enhance valuable metabolite productivity through a stress induction mechanism. In the search for novel techniques in plant experimental biotechnology, the goal of the study was to evaluate stress-inducing properties of novel biodegradable ester-based scaffolds made of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) influencing on the growth and deoxyshikonin productivity of hairy roots immobilized on the experimental constructs.

Synthesis of Poly(glycerol butenedioate)-PGB-Unsaturated Polyester toward Biomedical Applications.

A new polyester poly(glycerol butenedioate) (PGB) was obtained in the bulk polycondensation of glycerin and maleic anhydride. Glycerol polyesters are new biomaterials commonly used in tissue engineering. PGB, containing the α,β-unsaturated moiety, could be very interesting due to potential modifications such as additions or oxidation.

Optimisation of Glycerol and Itaconic Anhydride Polycondensation.

Glycerol polyesters have recently become objects of interest in tissue engineering. Barely known so far is poly(glycerol itaconate) (PGItc), a biocompatible, biodegradable polyester. Due to the presence of a C=C electron-acceptor moiety, it is possible to post-modify the product by Michael additions to change the properties of PGItc.

Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms.

The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix.

Cytotoxicity Study of UV-Laser-Irradiated PLLA Surfaces Subjected to Bio-Ceramisation: A New Way towards Implant Surface Modification.

In this research we subjected samples of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) extruded film to ultraviolet (193 nm ArF excimer laser) radiation below the ablation threshold. The modified film was immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 1 day or 7 days to obtain a layer of apatite ceramic (CaP) coating on the modified PLLA surface. The samples were characterized by means of optical profilometry, which indicated an increase in average roughness (Ra) from 25 nm for the unmodified PLLA to over 580 nm for irradiated PLLA incubated in SBF for 1 day.

Kinetics of neomycin release from polylactide spheres and its antimicrobial activity.

Background: Neomycin is a natural aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae. It exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria, certain Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Neomycin inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins by impairing their life functions, leading to death of cells.

Poly(Glycerol Succinate) as an Eco-Friendly Component of PLLA and PLCL Fibres towards Medical Applications.

This study was conducted as a first step in obtaining eco-friendly fibres for medical applications using a synthesised oligomer poly(glycerol succinate) (PGSu) as an additive for synthetic poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL). The effects of the oligomer on the structure formation, morphology, crystallisation behaviour, and mechanical properties of electrospun bicomponent fibres were investigated. Nonwovens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing.

Poly-L-lactide scaffolds with super pores obtained by freeze-extraction method.

A nonplanar polylactide scaffold to be used in tissue engineering was obtained by freeze-extraction method. Properties of the scaffold were modified by adding Eudragit® E100. The impact of the modification on morphology, porosity and pore size, mass absorbability, mechanical properties was determined.

Poly(Glycerol Sebacate)-Poly(l-Lactide) Nonwovens. Towards Attractive Electrospun Material for Tissue Engineering.

Two types of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) prepolymers were synthesized and electrospun with poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA), resulting in bicomponent nonwovens. The obtained materials were pre-heated in a vacuum, at different times, to crosslink PGS and investigate morphological and structural dependencies in that polymeric, electrospun system. As both PGS and PLA are sensitive to pre-heating (crosslinking) conditions, research concerns both components.

Biomineralization of poly-l-lactide spongy bone scaffolds obtained by freeze-extraction method.

Implants in the form of polymer scaffolds are commonly used to regenerate bone tissue after traumas or tooth extractions. However, few implant formation methods enable building polymer scaffolds allowing to reconstruct larger bone losses without immune response. Spacious, porous poly-l-lactide implants with considerable volume were obtained using the phase inversion method with the freeze-extraction variant.

Influence of liquid pore precursors on morphology and mechanical properties of 3D scaffolds obtained by dry inversion phase method.

Polyester 3D scaffolds were obtained by dry inversion phase method. The influence of a polymer and liquid pore precursor type on the 3D scaffolds morphology, porosity and mechanical properties was tested. Polymers and precursors forming a porous structure were identified.