Bio-Guided Isolation of Compounds from Leaves with Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

Inflammation is the first physiological defence mechanism against external and internal stimuli. The prolonged or inappropriate response of the immune system may lead to the persistent inflammatory response that can potentially become a basis for chronic diseases e.g.

Extract and Grindelic Acid Modulate Pro-inflammatory Functions of Respiratory Epithelium and Human Macrophages.

Both nasal and bronchial epithelial cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms involved in cellular response to bacterial infection. Recognition of pathogens by TLR receptors activate the NF-κB transcription factor, and lead to production of wide spectrum of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8). Released by epithelium proinflammatory cytokines intensify migration of macrophages to damaged tissues and modulate their pro-inflammatory functions.

Hp1-1 as a Genetic Marker Regulating Inflammation and the Possibility of Developing Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes-Cohort Studies.

Background: This study assessed the influence of the haptoglobin phenotype on markers regulating inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The haptoglobin phenotypes, soluble form of CD163 receptor (sCD163), p53 concentrations and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion in serum were assayed via ELISA tests. In the first part of the project, patients were divided into three groups which differed by the haptoglobin phenotype, and afterwards into two groups according to the criterion of the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease.

Comparative studies of urolithins and their phase II metabolites on macrophage and neutrophil functions.

Purpose: Ellagitannins are high molecular weight polyphenols present in high quantities in various food products. They are metabolized by human and animal gut microbiota to postbiotic metabolites-urolithins, bioavailable molecules of a low molecular weight. Following absorption in the gut, urolithins rapidly undergo phase II metabolism.

Oleacein and Foam Cell Formation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages: A Potential Strategy Against Early and Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions.

Background: Oleacein is a secoiridoid group polyphenol found mostly in Olea europea L. and Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae).

Telmisartan Influences the Antiproliferative Activity of Linoleic Acid in Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Linoleic acid (LA) and telmisartan as PPARgamma agonists exhibit anticancer activity. The LA effect is observed for high non-achievable concentrations and in short treatment period, therefore we evaluate the effect of supplemental LA and pharmacological telmisartan plasma concentrations on human primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) colon cancer cells and immortal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells in long-term treatment. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by TB and MTT and pro-apoptotic effect was measured by Annexin V binding assays, respectively.

Anticancer effects of alloxanthoxyletin and fatty acids esters - In vitro study on cancer HTB-140 and A549 cells.

Alloxanthoxyletin, a natural occurring pyranocoumarin isolated from a number of plant sources, such as family of Rutaceae, and its synthetic derivatives show cytotoxic and antitumor activities. In the present study new eleven esters of alloxanthoxyletin and fatty acids were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer toxicity. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) analyses.

Lignans From Leaves and Flowers Attenuate the Pro-inflammatory Function of Leukocytes and Their Interaction With Endothelial Cells.

Taking into account that overactivated leukocytes are an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases, we investigated the activity of phytochemically characterized (HPLC-DAD-MS) extracts from forsythia leaves and flowers on the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of leukocytes (effects on IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGFβ release) and their adherence to endothelial cells. Using bio-guided fractionation, we isolated the active compounds and determined their biological activity, and we included the positive control quercetin. The effect on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-α production by leukocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Oleacein may inhibit destabilization of carotid plaques from hypertensive patients. Impact on high mobility group protein-1.

Background: In patients with hypertension the haemorrhage into carotid atherosclerotic plaque increases risk of plaque destabilization and rupture. Our previous study showed that oleacein, a secoiridoid present in extra virgin olive oil, enhanced uptake of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex and change macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.

Purpose: The aim this study was to investigate a potential role of oleacein in attenuation of carotid plaque destabilisation ex vivo.

Oleacein enhances anti-inflammatory activity of human macrophages by increasing CD163 receptor expression.

Background: Oleacein (dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol; 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) have been proven to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Purpose: In this study, we examined whether oleacein could increase CD163 and IL-10 receptor expression as well as HO-1 intracellular secretion in human macrophages.

Methods: Effect of oleacein (10 and 20 μmol/l) or oleacein together with complexes of haemoglobin (Hb) and haptoglobin 1-1 (Hp11) or haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp22) on expression of IL-10 and CD163 receptor was determined by Flow Cytometry.

UVA-induced ROS generation inhibition by Oenothera paradoxa defatted seeds extract and subsequent cell death in human dermal fibroblasts.

UVA radiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which react with lipids, proteins and other intracellular molecules leading to oxidative stress, cellular damage and ultimately cell death. There is, therefore, a growing need for substances exhibiting antioxidant activity, which may support repair mechanisms of the skin. This study evaluates the protective effect of the aqueous Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok defatted seeds extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds, against UVA (25 and 50J/cm(2))-induced changes in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs).

In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Potentilla recta and its main ellagitannin, agrimoniin.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Potentilla recta is one of the numerous cinquefoil species growing in Poland. It is used in traditional medicine e.g.

Effects of penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose on human neutrophil function: significant down-regulation of L-selectin expression.

Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) occurrs in high concentrations in medicinal herbs such as Rhus chinensis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Acer truncatum and Terminalia chebula, which demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity. We investigated the effect of PGG on stimulated and non-stimulated neutrophils in processes which included reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-8 secretion (IL-8), β₂ integrin (CD11b) and L-selectin (CD62L) expression and apoptosis. In concentrations of 5 μM-20 μM, PGG demonstrated statistically significant inhibition of ROS generation, IL-8 secretion and β₂ integrin expression in stimulated neutrophils.

Oenothein B's contribution to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Epilobium sp.

Willow herb tea or preparation are available and relatively popular in the European market, and claimed to be effective inter alia because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is therefore aimed at comparing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of the three most popular Epilobium species (E. angustifolium, E.

Oenothera paradoxa defatted seeds extract and its bioactive component penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose decreased production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited release of leukotriene B4, interleukin-8, elastase, and myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils.

In this study, we analyzed ex vivo the effect of an aqueous extract of Oenothera paradoxa defatted seeds on the formation of neutrophil-derived oxidants. For defining active compounds, we also tested lypophilic extract constituents such as gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ellagic acid, and penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and a hydrophilic fraction containing polymeric procyanidins. The anti-inflammatory potential of the extract and compounds was tested by determining the release from activated neutrophils of elastase, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which are considered relevant for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

Evaluation of health value of fats and oils.

The fat content and fatty acid composition (saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated in cis and trans configuration) in selected food products was determined. From over 2000 products investigated in recent years, results are given for some soft and hard margarines, oils and butter as well as butter-like products. It has been found that food products are distinguished by very high diversification with regard to fat content, in terms of both quantity and quality.

[Fatty acids content in selected edible oils].

The four edible oils purchased on Warsaw marked in the years 1996-2002 were investigated. We confirmed that investigated oils contained relatively small amount of saturated fatty acids (7.0-13.

[Fat and fatty acid content in selected powdered ready to eat dishes].

Fat content as well as fatty acids composition in 16 powdered ready to eat dishes from the market in Warsaw area in the year of 2001 has been analysed. We have found, that fat content in these products was from 5.2 to 24.

[The content of fat and fatty acids in selected snack products (nuts and seeds)].

The content of fat and fatty acids in 13 selected snack products (nuts and seeds) purchased on the marked in Warsaw region in 2000 have been investigated. The content of fat in examined products varied from 41% to 68%. The fat of nuts and seeds was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, except cocoa product.

[Determination of eight trichothecene mycotoxins using GCMSMS methods. I. elaboration of MS/MS conditions].

Trichothecene mycotoxins are commonly distributed in cereals in the world. Rapid and accurate methods for the determination of these toxins are required to prevent the intoxication of human and to contribute to the supply of safe foods and feed. MSMS mode was applied for identification of eight trichothecene mycotoxins with Finnigan/Mat GCQ GC/MS system.

[Assessment of fatty acids content in margarines available on Polish market in the years 1996-2000].

Fatty acids content in margarines from Polish market in the years 1996-2000 was investigated. 56 samples of low fat, 40 normal fat and 78 stick were examined derived from different producers. Considerable differences in amount of particular groups of fatty acids were observed during investigation period i.