A randomized controlled trial of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian dysfunction implemented via facilitation and delivered by community mental health providers: Improving the "fit" of psychological treatments by adapting to context.

To determine if the use of theory, data and end-user perspectives to guide an adaptation of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) yields better outcomes and improves the "fit" of TranS-C to community mental health centers (CMHCs), relative to the standard version. Ten counties in California were cluster-randomized by county to Adapted or Standard TranS-C. Within each county, adults who exhibited sleep and circadian dysfunction and serious mental illness (SMI) were randomized to immediate TranS-C or Usual Care followed by Delayed Treatment with TranS-C (UC-DT).

Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing for urinary tract infections in secondary care in England: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objectives: To perform a model-based cost-effectiveness evaluation of a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Design: A Markov model of a cohort of hospital inpatients with urinary tract infection (with inpatient numbers based on national administrative data from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2019).

Setting: Urinary tract infections (UTI) in acute National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in England, from the perspective of the NHS Healthcare system, at a national level.

Integrating habit science and learning theory to promote maintenance of behavior change: does adding text messages to a habit-based sleep health intervention (HABITs) improve outcomes for eveningness chronotype young adults? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Eveningness chronotype-the tendency for later sleep and wake times-arises from a confluence of psychosocial, behavioral, and biological factors. With the onset and progression of puberty, many young people develop an eveningness chronotype, which remains prevalent through the transition into adulthood. Eveningness has been associated with increased risk for poorer health.

Mental health and capacity laws in Northern Ireland: examining the position of children and young people.

Mental health and capacity laws applicable to children and young people in Northern Ireland (NI) lack clarity and coherence, with significant gaps in service provision and safeguarding. Drawing on an examination of such laws, we argue that law reform is needed. In the short term, we suggest there is merit in publishing statutory guidance, such as a Code of Practice, to address both the issue of evolving capacity in children and to facilitate best practice in policy and practice.

Integrating the Memory Support Intervention into the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C): can improving memory for treatment in midlife and older adults improve patient outcomes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Poor memory for treatment is associated with poorer treatment adherence and poorer patient outcomes. The memory support intervention (MSI) was developed to improve patient memory for treatment with the goal of improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study protocol is to conduct a confirmatory efficacy trial to test whether a new, streamlined, and potent version of the MSI improves outcomes for midlife and older adults.

"So Many Other Things Improve" with Transdiagnostic Treatment for Sleep and Circadian Problems: Interviews with Community Providers on Treating Clients with Serious Mental Illness.

Community mental health centers (CMHCs) offer invaluable, publicly-funded treatment for serious mental illness (SMI). Unfortunately, evidence-based psychological treatments are often not delivered at CMHCs, in part due to implementation barriers, such as limited time, high caseloads, and complex clinical presentations. Transdiagnostic treatments may help address these barriers, because they allow providers to treat symptoms across multiple disorders concurrently.

Risk of unintended consequences from lower antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in primary care.

Objectives: About 60% of antibiotic prescribing in primary care is for respiratory tract infections (RTIs), some of which is likely unnecessary. There is limited evidence on the association between reduced antibiotic prescribing and adverse events. We aimed to identify associations between practice-level prescribing rates for RTIs in general practice, and patient-level adverse outcomes.

Longitudinal genome-wide association study reveals early QTL that predict biomass accumulation under cold stress in sorghum.

Introduction: is a promising cellulosic feedstock crop for bioenergy due to its high biomass yields. However, early growth phases of sorghum are sensitive to cold stress, limiting its planting in temperate environments. Cold adaptability is crucial for cultivating bioenergy and grain sorghum at higher latitudes and elevations, or for extending the growing season.

Cost Analysis of Short Messaging Service and Peer Navigator Interventions for Linking and Retaining Adults Recently Diagnosed With HIV in Care in South Africa.

Introduction: Large proportions of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are not linked to or retained in HIV care. There is a critical need for cost-effective interventions to improve engagement and retention in care and inform optimal allocation of resources.

Methods: We estimated costs associated with a short message service (SMS) plus peer navigation (SMS+PN) intervention; an SMS-only intervention; and standard of care (SOC), within the I-Care cluster-randomized trial to improve HIV care engagement for recently diagnosed PLHIV.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 3: study protocol to evaluate sustainment in a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Although research on the implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) has advanced rapidly, research on the sustainment of implemented EBPTs remains limited. This is concerning, given that EBPT activities and benefits regularly decline post-implementation. To advance research on sustainment, the present protocol focuses on the third and final phase-the Sustainment Phase-of a hybrid type 2 cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating the implementation and sustainment of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for patients with serious mental illness and sleep and circadian problems in community mental health centers (CMHCs).

Comparing mental health and mental capacity law data across borders: Challenges and opportunities.

The island of Ireland is partitioned into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In both jurisdictions, there have been important developments in mental health and mental capacity law, and associated policies and services. This includes an emphasis on developing more comprehensive approaches to collecting data on outcomes and so there is an opportunity to align these processes to enable comparison and shared learning across the border.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 3: Study protocol to evaluate sustainment in a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial.

Unlabelled: treatments (EBPTs) has advanced rapidly, research on the sustainment of implemented EBPTs remains limited. This is concerning, given that EBPT activities and benefits regularly decline post-implementation. To advance research on sustainment, the present protocol focuses on the third and final phase - the Sustainment Phase - of a hybrid type 2 cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating the implementation and sustainment of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for patients with serious mental illness and sleep and circadian problems in community mental health centers (CMHCs).

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 2: study protocol for a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial using train-the-trainer.

Background: Train-the-trainer (TTT) is a promising method for implementing evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) in community mental health centers (CMHCs). In TTT, expert trainers train locally embedded individuals (i.e.

Natural variation in Brachypodium distachyon responses to combined abiotic stresses.

The demand for agricultural production is becoming more challenging as climate change increases global temperature and the frequency of extreme weather events. This study examines the phenotypic variation of 149 accessions of Brachypodium distachyon under drought, heat, and the combination of stresses. Heat alone causes the largest amounts of tissue damage while the combination of stresses causes the largest decrease in biomass compared to other treatments.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 2: Study protocol for a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster- randomized trial using train-the-trainer.

Background: Train-the-trainer (TTT) is a promising method for implementing evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) in community mental health centers (CMHCs). In TTT, expert trainers train locally embedded individuals (i.e.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 1: study protocol for a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Serious mental illness (SMI) can have devastating consequences. Unfortunately, many patients with SMI do not receive evidence-based psychological treatment (EBPTs) in routine practice settings. One barrier is poor "fit" between EBPTs and contexts in which they are implemented.

Impact of testing on Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitals across Europe: a mathematical model.

Objectives: The prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been shown to vary markedly between European countries, both in hospitals and in the community. Determining the true prevalence has proven challenging. Without systematic testing in hospitals, the unchecked transmission of CDI can lead to large outbreaks in more susceptible cohorts.

Prevalence, motivation, and outcomes of clinic transfer in a clinical cohort of people living with HIV in North West Province, South Africa.

Introduction: Continuity of care is an attribute of high-quality health systems and a necessary component of chronic disease management. Assessment of health information systems for HIV care in South Africa has identified substantial rates of clinic transfer, much of it undocumented. Understanding the reasons for changing sources of care and the implications for patient outcomes is important in informing policy responses.

Impact of short message service and peer navigation on linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy initiation in South Africa.

Objective: We examine the efficacy of short message service (SMS) and SMS with peer navigation (SMS + PN) in improving linkage to HIV care and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design: I-Care was a cluster randomized trial conducted in primary care facilities in North West Province, South Africa. The primary study outcome was retention in HIV care; this analysis includes secondary outcomes: linkage to care and ART initiation.

Can integrating the Memory Support Intervention into cognitive therapy improve depression outcome? A randomized controlled trial.

We investigated if improving a patient's memory for the content of their treatment, via the Memory Support Intervention, improves illness course and functional outcomes. The platform for investigating this question was major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive therapy (CT). Adults diagnosed with MDD (N = 178) were randomly allocated to CT + Memory Support (n = 91) or CT-as-usual (n = 87).

Traversing TechSex: benefits and risks in digitally mediated sex and relationships.

Background: Digital technologies play a significant role in people's sexual and intimate lives via smart phones, cameras, dating apps and social media. Although there is a large body of research on the potential risks posed by these technologies, research on benefits and pleasures is limited.

Methods: This study explored digital sexual practices, including perceptions of risks and benefits among a sample of Australian adults (n =445).

Glucocorticoids regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in fetal cardiomyocytes.

The late gestational rise in glucocorticoids contributes to the structural and functional maturation of the perinatal heart. Here, we hypothesized that glucocorticoid action contributes to the metabolic switch in perinatal cardiomyocytes from carbohydrate to fatty acid oxidation. In primary mouse fetal cardiomyocytes, dexamethasone treatment induced expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and increased mitochondrial oxidation of palmitate, dependent upon a glucocorticoid receptor (GR).

Impact of SMS and peer navigation on retention in HIV care among adults in South Africa: results of a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Few interventions have demonstrated improved retention in care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We tested the efficacy of two personal support interventions - one using text messaging (SMS-only) and the second pairing SMS with peer navigation (SMS+PN) - to improve HIV care retention over one year.

Methods: In a cluster randomized control trial (NCT# 02417233) in North West Province, South Africa, we randomized 17 government clinics to three conditions: SMS-only (6), SMS+PN (7) or standard of care (SOC; 4).

The impact of testing and infection prevention and control strategies on within-hospital transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in English hospitals.

Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a key concern, and evaluating the effect of testing and infection prevention and control strategies is essential for guiding policy in this area. Using a within-hospital SEIR transition model of SARS-CoV-2 in a typical English hospital, we estimate that between 9 March 2020 and 17 July 2020 approximately 20% of infections in inpatients, and 73% of infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) were due to nosocomial transmission. Model results suggest that placing suspected COVID-19 patients in single rooms or bays has the potential to reduce hospital-acquired infections in patients by up to 35%.