Many viruses rely on destabilizing cellular membranes to create their replication complexes, but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood.
The hepatitis C virus protein NS4B alters membrane structures and is critical for the formation of its replication complex; however, high levels of NS4B are toxic to cells, leading to a method of producing it in a lab setting.
Research using techniques like X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy shows that NS4B disrupts lipid membranes, possibly by creating pores or causing membrane fusion, highlighting the protein's key role in viral replication and its potential as a target for antiviral drug development.