Variability of theory of mind versus pragmatic ability in typical and atypical development.

Introduction: Numerous studies have linked deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM) with language problems. We aimed to explore the similarities and differences between children's patterns of performance on a ToM task that requires minimal linguistic skill and a pragmatic inference task that relies on both ToM and language. We assessed variability in pragmatic inference skills and ToM across populations of children (8-14 years) displaying varying cognitive profiles.

The role of general cognitive skills in integrating visual and linguistic information during sentence comprehension: individual differences across the lifespan.

Individuals exhibit massive variability in general cognitive skills that affect language processing. This variability is partly developmental. Here, we recruited a large sample of participants (N = 487), ranging from 9 to 90 years of age, and examined the involvement of nonverbal processing speed (assessed using visual and auditory reaction time tasks) and working memory (assessed using forward and backward Digit Span tasks) in a visual world task.

Lexical and Social Effects on the Learning and Integration of Inflectional Morphology.

People learn language variation through exposure to linguistic interactions. The way we take part in these interactions is shaped by our lexical representations, the mechanisms of language processing, and the social context. Existing work has looked at how we learn and store variation in the ambient language.

The first aphasia screening test in Hungarian: A preliminary study on validity and diagnostic accuracy.

The Hungarian Aphasia Screening Test (HAST) is a newly developed diagnostic tool for detecting post-stroke aphasia in clinical settings, and for differentiating between stroke patients with and without aphasia. The HAST was developed by our team and has not been published in English yet. In Hungarian, to date, there is no aphasia screening test with reported psychometric properties available.

[The effects of demographic and clinical factors on the severity of poststroke aphasia].

Background And Purpose:

Reading fluency and statistical learning across modalities and domains: Online and offline measures.

The vulnerability of statistical learning has been demonstrated in reading difficulties in both the visual and acoustic modalities. We examined segmentation abilities of Hungarian speaking adolescents with different levels of reading fluency in the acoustic verbal and visual nonverbal domains. We applied online target detection tasks, where the extent of learning is reflected in differences between reaction times to predictable versus unpredictable targets.

[Hungarian Aphasia Screening Test: a new rapid screening tool for detecting aphasia in stroke patients].

Introduction: Although aphasia screening tools are widely used internationally, in Hungarian, to date, there have been no aphasia screening tests with reported psychometric properties available.

Objective: (1) To provide an overview of the international practice and the tools of post-stroke aphasia screening. (2) To present a recently developed aphasia screening test in Hungarian.

Modality, presentation, domain and training effects in statistical learning.

While several studies suggest that the nature and properties of the input have significant effects on statistical learning, they have rarely been investigated systematically. In order to understand how input characteristics and their interactions impact statistical learning, we explored the effects of modality (auditory vs. visual), presentation type (serial vs.

[Education of hand hygiene in children during the pandemia].

Összefoglaló. Manapság, a COVID-19-járvány közepette, a megfelelő kézmosás segít megelőzni vagy legalábbis lassítani a fertőző betegségek, például a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés terjedését. A kézmosás rutinjának megfelelő oktatás multilaterális tevékenységet igényel, amely a fiatalok ismeretén, egészségmagatartásán, attitűdjein, tapasztalatain és motivációján alapul.

Online Statistical Learning in Developmental Language Disorder.

: The vulnerability of statistical learning (SL) in developmental language disorder (DLD) has mainly been demonstrated with metacognitive offline measures which give little insight into the more specific nature and timing of learning. Our aims in this study were to test SL in children with and without DLD with both online and offline measures and to compare the efficiency of SL in the visual and acoustic modalities in DLD. : We explored SL in school-age children with and without DLD matched on age and sex ( = 36).

Does rhythmic priming improve grammatical processing in Hungarian-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder?

Research has described several features shared between musical rhythm and speech or language, and experimental studies consistently show associations between performance on tasks in the two domains as well as impaired rhythm processing in children with language disorders. Motivated by these results, in the current study our first aim was to explore whether a short exposure to a regular musical rhythm (i.e.

Statistical Learning and the Effect of Starting Small in Developmental Dyslexia.

Purpose Impairments in statistical learning abilities of individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) have been demonstrated in word segmentation and in visual artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks, but so far, little attention has been devoted to the AGL abilities of this population in the acoustic verbal domain. This study aimed to test whether adolescents with dyslexia have difficulties in extracting abstract patterns from auditory sequences of nonsense syllables based on a finite state grammar relative to typically developing (TD) peers. We also tested whether incremental presentation of stimuli of different lengths (starting small) has a facilitating effect on learning complex structures in dyslexia (and in TD) as opposed to presenting strings in random order.

Tracking statistical learning online: Word segmentation in a target detection task.

Despite the essential role of statistical learning in shaping human behavior, there are still controversies concerning its measurement. In this paper, we present a novel online target-detection task in an acoustic word segmentation paradigm, which is able to track the process of learning and does not build on deliberation and decision making. Beside testing the novel online task, we also examined its relationship with two offline measures: the traditional two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task, and the statistically-induced chunking recall (SICR) task (Isbilen et al.

[The Comprehensive Aphasia Test in Hungarian].

Background And Purpose: In this paper we present the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Hungarian (CAT-H; Zakariás and Lukács, in preparation), an assessment tool newly adapted to Hungarian, currently under standardisation. The test is suitable for the assessment of an acquired language disorder, post-stroke aphasia. The aims of this paper are to present 1) the main characteristics of the test, its areas of application, and the process of the Hungarian adaptation and standardisation, 2) the first results from a sample of Hungarian people with aphasia and healthy controls.

[A potential best practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training by peer education in schools. ].

Basic life support (BLS) teaching by peer-educators to school-age students was studied by evaluating their effectiveness. BLS resuscitation was taught by the internationally accepted four-stage skill teaching approach. The effectiveness of the training was followed by sociological measuring instruments (n = 91).

Sequence in a sequence: Learning of auditory but not visual patterns within a multimodal sequence.

The current study investigates whether a unimodal visual and a unimodal auditory sequence is learned separately in a multimodal learning situation. In two experiments participants faced a modified version of the Serial Reaction-Time task, in which auditory and visual elements followed each other, forming a multimodal sequence as well as two unimodal sequences. Learning of both the multimodal and the unimodal sequences were tested.

Word Retrieval Difficulties and Cognitive Control in Specific Language Impairment.

Purpose The study aims to test whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) show weaknesses in word retrieval and cognitive control and to find out whether impairments in the 2 domains are associated. Method Thirty-one children with SLI (age: M = 8;11 years;months, SD = 1;1) and 31 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children completed 2 word retrieval tasks and 3 cognitive control tasks. Word retrieval was assessed with a fluency task and a rapid automatized naming (RAN) task, whereas cognitive control was measured with a backward digit span, an n-back task, and a Stroop task.

Impaired sequential and partially compensated probabilistic skill learning in Parkinson's disease.

The striatal dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with deficits in skill learning in numerous studies, but some of the findings remain controversial. Our aim was to explore the generality of the learning deficit using two widely reported skill learning tasks in the same group of Parkinson's patients. Thirty-four patients with PD (mean age: 62.

[Direct effect of contemporary health education programmes on the knowledge about hand hygiene and technique of hand washing in primary school age children].

Introduction And Aim: In the case of primary school children in Budapest (n = 165), data on their social status and their previous knowledge on hand hygiene were elicited with the help of pre-knowledge questionnaires issued by students of higher education. The aim of the research was introducing a novel pedagogical procedure - application and optimization of peer education in the development of proper hand hygiene among primary school students.

Method: The knowledge-based survey was conducted after four (n = 85) and eight hours of teaching (n = 36).

Imageability ratings across languages.

Imageability is a psycholinguistic variable that indicates how well a word gives rise to a mental image or sensory experience. Imageability ratings are used extensively in psycholinguistic, neuropsychological, and aphasiological studies. However, little formal knowledge exists about whether and how these ratings are associated between and within languages.

The effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on executive functions: impaired verbal fluency and intact updating, planning and conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease.

Although the improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is well documented, there are open questions regarding its impact on cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bilateral DBS of the STN on executive functions in PD patients using a DBS wait-listed PD control group. Ten PD patients with DBS implantation (DBS group) and ten PD wait-listed patients (Clinical control group) participated in the study.

Learning and Overnight Retention in Declarative Memory in Specific Language Impairment.

We examined learning and retention in nonverbal and verbal declarative memory in Hungarian children with (n = 21) and without (n = 21) SLI. Recognition memory was tested both 10 minutes and one day after encoding. On nonverbal items, only the children with SLI improved overnight, with no resulting group differences in performance.

Lexical conflict resolution in children with specific language impairment.

The aim of our study is to examine the effect of conflict on naming latencies in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children and to explore whether deficits in conflict resolution contribute to lexical problems in SLI. In light of previous results showing difficulties with inhibitory functions in SLI, we expected higher semantic conflict effect in the SLI than in the TD group. To investigate this question 13 children with SLI and 13 age- and gender-matched TD children performed a picture naming task in which the level of conflict was manipulated and naming latencies were measured.

[Patients' rights in ethnic cross-section].

Introduction: The perception of health and sickness are culturally determined and, therefore, ethnic and religious socialization forms attitudes toward the medical system. During everyday practice, patients' rights and obligations, which are based on the norms of the major society, confront Roma minority norms.

Aim: The aim of the authors was to explore the main interferences of patients' rights and obligations during the medical care of the Roma.