A case report: Management of carbamazepine intoxication using hemodialysis followed by continuous venovenous hemodialysis.

An 18-year-old woman presented to the emergency department. She had ingested 43 extended-release tablets of carbamazepine 400 mg. Although the patient had high carbamazepine plasma levels and classified as severe intoxication, her clinical symptoms were less severe than expected.

Exploring the role of oxidative stress and the effect of N-acetylcysteine in thiopurine-induced liver injury in inflammatory bowel disease: A randomized crossover pilot study.

Thiopurine treatment is regularly complicated by drug-induced liver injury. It has been suggested that oxidative stress may play a synergistic role. To assess whether thiopurine-induced liver injury coincides with increased oxidative stress and whether co-administration with N-acetylcysteine is protective, we performed a randomized open label crossover pilot study in inflammatory bowel disease patients with thiopurine-induced increased serum liver tests.

Neonatal pain score after use of paracetamol: Is there a relationship with serum trough concentration at steady state in preterm and term neonates?

Objective: An easy to establish and patient-friendly biomarker to guide dosing of paracetamol in neonates is currently not available. The aim of this study was to determine the potential association between the serum trough concentration and area under the curve (AUC) of paracetamol at steady state and differences in pain scores in preterm and term neonates.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed, using an academic hospital database to identify neonates treated with intravenous or rectal paracetamol for at least 48 hours.

Optimizing Antiviral Dosing for HSV and CMV Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are DNA viruses that are common among humans. Severely immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing HSV or CMV disease due to a weakened immune system. Antiviral therapy can be challenging because these drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and show significant pharmacokinetic variability.

An UPLC-MS detection method for the quantification of five antibiotics in human plasma.

Background: An UPLC-MS detection method for the quantification of amikacin, flucloxacillin, meropenem, penicillin G and vancomycin was developed and validated.

Results: The calibration curves were found to be linear from 0.47 to 50 mg/l for amikacin, 1.

Clinical validation of dried blood spot sampling in therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin A in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: direct comparison between capillary and venous sampling.

Background: The immunosuppressive drug ciclosporin A has a narrow therapeutic window and a large inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin is usually performed in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood, obtained by venous sampling. Dried blood spot sampling (DBS) could be a useful alternative sampling method, which also easily allows multiple sampling, for example, for obtaining area under the curve.

Rapid quantification of gabapentin, pregabalin, and vigabatrin in human serum by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection.

Background: Gabapentin (GBP), pregabalin (PRG), and vigabatrin (VIG) are used for the prevention and treatment of epileptic seizures. The developed method was applied to samples from subjects participating in a pharmacokinetic study of GBP.

Methods: Sample pretreatment consisted of adding 20 μL of trichloroacetic acid (30%; vol/vol) and 200 μL of GBP-d4 in acetonitrile as an internal standard to 20 μL of serum.

Population pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin in haematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation with emphasis on limited sampling strategy.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The population pharmacokinetics and limited sampling strategies for ciclosporin monitoring have been extensively studied in renal and liver transplant recipients. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin in patients undergoing haematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). • It is anticipated that there is a difference in pharmacokinetics in patients after kidney or liver transplantation compared with patients undergoing stem cell transplantation, because of mucositis and interacting drugs (e.

The lopinavir/ritonavir-associated rise in lipids is not related to lopinavir or ritonavir plasma concentration.

Background: The relationship between lopinavir plasma concentration and the magnitude of lipid elevation after initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir-containing antiretroviral therapy is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between drug concentration and lipid changes in two patient cohorts.

Methods: First, we analysed, in an outpatient cohort, the correlation between percentage lipid changes and lopinavir concentration, measured at least 2 weeks or more after initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir.

On therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease; pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, drug intolerance and clinical relevance.

Thiopurines such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine are antimetabolites that have been used for several decades in the treatment of several diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Additional anti-inflammatory properties of these thiopurines have been discovered in recent years. Thiopurine metabolism is complex due to the involvement of multiple enzymes, of which the activities are genetically determined and cell type dependent.

Effects of cyclosporine a on single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous itraconazole in patients with hematologic malignancies.

An open-label, clinical pilot study was performed to study the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on single-dose pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in patients with a hematologic malignancy. Patients (n = 10), admitted for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, received a single dose of 200 mg itraconazole in a 1-hour intravenous infusion during their treatment period before initiation of CsA. This was repeated during the period that CsA was administered and a steady-state concentration of CsA was achieved (trough whole blood level 200-400 ng/mL).

Hepatotoxicity following nevirapine-containing regimens in HIV-1-infected individuals.

To determine the incidence of hepatotoxicity and to investigate whether plasma concentrations of nevirapine, in addition to other risk factors, could predict hepatotoxicity during treatment with nevirapine-containing regimens, we conducted a retrospective analysis with data from 174 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). During regular visits to the clinic, blood samples were collected for the determination of nevirapine plasma concentrations and clinical chemistry parameters including liver enzymes (LEs) and total bilirubin (TBR). Severe hepatotoxicity was defined as a grade > or =3 elevation in at least one of the tested LEs or TBR levels while on therapy.