An unusual paraesophageal and diaphragmatic SDHA-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) metastases case report.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and have diverse tumor biology. Succinate dehydrogenase ()-deficient GIST, comprise less than 10% of all GIST, with mutational loss of the catalytic subunit being the most common subtype. Contrary to typical GISTs harboring inactivating mutations in -deficient GIST has varying biology and behavior, occurring at a younger age, often metastatic on presentation and frequently refractory to conventional tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).

Adoptive Cellular Therapy with Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and T-cell Receptor-Engineered T Cells Targeting Common p53 Neoantigens in Human Solid Tumors.

Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) targeting neoantigens can achieve durable clinical responses in patients with cancer. Most neoantigens arise from patient-specific mutations, requiring highly individualized treatments. To broaden the applicability of ACT targeting neoantigens, we focused on TP53 mutations commonly shared across different cancer types.

Current State of Pleural-Directed Adjuncts Against Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Multimodality therapy including surgical resection is the current paradigm in treating malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a thoracic surface cancer without cure. The main limitation of all surgical approaches is the lack of long-term durability because macroscopic complete resection (R1 resection) commonly predisposes to locoregional relapse. Over the years, there have been many studies that describe various intrapleural strategies that aim to extend the effect of surgical resection.

Promising therapeutic potential of tumor suppressor microRNAs for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive and recalcitrant surface neoplasm that defies current multimodality treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that epigenetically regulate multiple gene networks and cellular processes. In cancer, miRNA dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis, with tumor suppressor miRNAs underexpressed or lost, while oncogenic miRNAs are overexpressed.

Contrast sensitivity isocontours of the central visual field.

Standard automated perimetry (SAP), the most common form of perimetry used in clinical practice, is associated with high test variability, impacting clinical decision making and efficiency. Contrast sensitivity isocontours (CSIs) may reduce test variability in SAP by identifying regions of the visual field with statistically similar patterns of change that can be analysed collectively and allow a point (disease)-to-CSI (normal) comparison in disease assessment as opposed to a point (disease)-to-point (normal) comparison. CSIs in the central visual field however have limited applicability as they have only been described using visual field test patterns with low, 6° spatial sampling.

Development of a Spatial Model of Age-Related Change in the Macular Ganglion Cell Layer to Predict Function From Structural Changes.

Purpose: To develop location-specific models of normal, age-related changes in the macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) from optical coherence tomography (OCT). Using these OCT-derived models, we predicted visual field (VF) sensitivities and compared these results to actual VF sensitivities.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Consistency of Structure-Function Correlation Between Spatially Scaled Visual Field Stimuli and In Vivo OCT Ganglion Cell Counts.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of stimulus size and disease status on the structure-function relationship within the central retina, we correlated the differential light sensitivity (DLS) with Goldmann stimulus size I to V (GI-V) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) derived in vivo ganglion cell count per stimulus area (GCc) within the macular area in normal subjects and patients with early glaucoma.

Methods: Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 visual field data with GI through V and Spectralis OCT macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness measurements were collected from normal and early glaucoma cohorts including 25 subjects each. GCc was calculated from GCL thickness data and correlated with DLSs for different stimulus sizes.

Pattern Recognition Analysis Reveals Unique Contrast Sensitivity Isocontours Using Static Perimetry Thresholds Across the Visual Field.

Purpose: To determine the locus of test locations that exhibit statistically similar age-related decline in sensitivity to light increments and age-corrected contrast sensitivity isocontours (CSIs) across the central visual field (VF). We compared these CSIs with test point clusters used by the Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT).

Methods: Sixty healthy observers underwent testing on the Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 test grid using Goldmann (G) stimulus sizes I-V.

Cell membrane-anchored MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity in epithelial carcinomas.

The cell surface membrane-bound mucin protein MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity, aggressive behavior, and poor outcomes in various types of epithelial carcinomas, including pancreatic, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the theories and findings regarding MUC4 function, and its role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Based on these insights, we developed an outline of the processes and mechanisms by which MUC4 critically supports the propagation and survival of cancer cells in various epithelial organs.

Reconciling visual field defects and retinal nerve fibre layer asymmetric patterns in retrograde degeneration: an extended case series.

Background: Accurate diagnosis in patients presenting with lesions at various locations within the visual pathway is challenging. This study investigated functional and structural changes secondary to such lesions to identify patterns useful to guide early and effective management.

Methods: Over 10,000 records from patients referred for optic nerve head assessment were reviewed and 31 patients with a final diagnosis of likely neuropathic lesions posterior to the eye were included in the current study.

Determining Spatial Summation and Its Effect on Contrast Sensitivity across the Central 20 Degrees of Visual Field.

Purpose: Recent studies propose that the use of target stimuli within or close to complete spatial summation reveal larger threshold elevation in ocular disease. The Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) is used to assess visual function yet the spatial summation characteristics are unexplored for the central macular region. We therefore wanted to establish the relationship between contrast sensitivity and stimulus size (spatial summation) within the central 20° visual field using the high sampling density of the 10-2 test grid.