Abdominal pain is a common and recurring problem in paediatric emergency departments.

Aim: Abdominal pain is a frequent reason for paediatric emergency department visits, but specific research is lacking. Our aim was to obtain information on the diagnosis of abdominal pain and what healthcare services children with this condition need.

Methods: This retrospective study focused on patients visiting the emergency department of the Children's Hospital Iceland in 2010 with abdominal pain and any subsequent visits up to 1 January 2015.

[Acute myocardial infarction among Icelanders forty years old and younger 2005-2009. Comparison with a study carried out 1980-1984].

Introduction: While acute myocardial infarction  (AMI) mostly is a disease of the elderly it also affects younger individuals, often with serious consequenses. In 1980-1984 a study was carried out on the incidence, risk factors, infarct location and distribution of atherosclerosis among Icelanders forty years and younger with AMI. Here we present the results of a similar study carried out for the five year period 2005-2009.

[Eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Two case reports].

Eosiniophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively new disease which was first reported in 1978 but increasingly diagnosed in the last 15 years. Initially EoE was mainly described in children but later also recognized in adults. In infants it presents as a food refusal, failure to thrive and vomiting.

Inflammatory bowel disease in Icelandic children 1951-2010. Population-based study involving one nation over six decades.

AIM AND BACKGROUND. We describe the changes in incidence and disease location of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children in one country over six decades. Iceland is an island with centralized health information.

[Pulmonary embolism at Landspítali, the National University Hospital of Iceland 2005-2007 - incidence, clinical manifestations, risk factors and outcome].

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism is a serious disease and common among hospitalized patients. The incidence of pulmonary embolism in Iceland is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors and outcome among patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism at Landspítali, The National University Hospital of Iceland.

[Endocarditis in Iceland 2000-2009, a national survey incidence, microbiology and prognosis].

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, clinical features, microbiology and prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in Iceland, and to compare the results with a previous study made in Iceland 1976-85.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study including all patients diagnosed with IE in Iceland 2000-2009. Information was obtained from medical records.

[Changes in myocardial infarction incidence and mortality in Iceland.].

Introduction: According to public health reports ischaemic heart disease was an uncommon cause of death in Iceland at the beginning of the last century. This death rate increased steadily until the ninety-eighties whereafter it leveled off and started to decline. The objective of the present study is to assess in detail the changes in myocardial infarction attack, incidence and death rate as well as case fatality.

[Thyrotoxicosis and coexistent diseases in atrial fibrillation.].

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and coexistent diseases in patients with atrial fibrillation admitted to a general medicine ward.

Material And Methods: All patients with the discharge diagnosis of atrial fibrillation were studied. The study design was retrospective for the years 1993-1994 and prospective from April 1995 through December 1997.

[Effect of Pentavac and MMR vaccination on the intestine.].

Objective: The safety of infant vaccination has been questioned in recent years. In particular it has been suggested that the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination leads to brain damage manifesting as autism consequent to the development of an "enterocolitis" in the immediate post-vaccination period.

Aim: To assess if MMR vaccination is associated with sub-clinical intestinal inflammation which is central to the autistic "enterocolitis" theory.

Effects of a 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor on biomarkers associated with risk of myocardial infarction: a randomized trial.

Context: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in the world. Variants in the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) gene are associated with risk of MI.

Objective: To determine the effect of an inhibitor of FLAP on levels of biomarkers associated with MI risk.

The gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4D confers risk of ischemic stroke.

We previously mapped susceptibility to stroke to chromosome 5q12. Here we finely mapped this locus and tested it for association with stroke. We found the strongest association in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), especially for carotid and cardiogenic stroke, the forms of stroke related to atherosclerosis.

Declining coronary heart disease mortality in Iceland: contribution by incidence, recurrence and case fatality rate.

Objective: To analyse to what extent the recent decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Iceland is due to changes in incidence, recurrence and case fatality rates.

Design: A countrywide registration of myocardial infarction (MI) in people aged 25-74 was performed in Iceland during 1981-1999 according to the MONICA protocol. Possible cases were found by review of all hospital discharge records, autopsy records and death certificates.

Effect of Pentavac and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination on the intestine.

Background: The safety of infant vaccination has been questioned in recent years. In particular it has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination leads to brain damage manifesting as autism consequent to the development of an "enterocolitis" in the immediate post-vaccination period.

Aim: To assess if MMR vaccination is associated with subclinical intestinal inflammation, which is central to the autistic "enterocolitis" theory.

Lower extremity blood flow in healthy men: effect of smoking, cholesterol, and physical activity--a Doppler study.

Tobacco smoking is one of the principal risk factors of peripheral arterial disease (PAD); cholesterol level has a lesser impact. The effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of smoking, total cholesterol, and leisure-time physical activity on blood flow parameters in the lower extremities of healthy middle-aged men with no prior symptoms or diagnosis of PAD.

Effects of leisure-time physical activity and ventilatory function on risk for stroke in men: the Reykjavík Study.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of illness, death, and health expenditures. Leisure-time physical activity may reduce the risk for stroke.

Objective: To examine the association of leisure-time physical activity and pulmonary function with risk for stroke.

Fatalities from myocardial infarction in Nordic countries and Lithuania. The MONICA Investigators.

Aim: To investigate fatalities from myocardial infarction at 28 days and one-year among patients aged 35-64 years in the Nordic and Lithuanian centres participating in the World Health Organization MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease) Project.

Methods And Results: Altogether 9100 myocardial infarction events registered according to the protocol of the MONICA Project were included in the study. For these events, one-year follow-up was carried out using routine mortality statistics.

[Acute myocardial infarction in Iceland 1982-1983. Prognosis and risk factors in the pre-thrombolytic era.].

This nationwide study describes the short- and longterm outcome of acute myocardial infarction in Iceland 1982-83 prior to the routine use of aspirin and thrombolytic therapy. The material consists of 486 cases of acute myocardial infarction, 390 men and 96 women aged 25-64 years. Death prior to hospitalization occured in 124 cases but hospital treatment was given to 287 men and 75 women.

Long-term prognosis of different forms of coronary heart disease: the Reykjavik Study.

Background: While coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious and often fatal disease the prognosis is variable and major effort has been invested in risk stratification. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between long-term prognosis and risk factors in different clinical categories of CHD.

Methods: A general population sample of 9141 men, aged 34-79 at entry into the study was divided into six groups with respect to manifestations of CHD at entry: I.

Anorectal function of children with neurological problems. II: cerebral palsy.

In response to the frequent complaint of difficulties with defecation experienced by children with cerebral palsy, 34 children (13 girls and 21 boys, mean age 10 years) with cerebral palsy were investigated by questionnaire and anorectal manometry. 24 enuretic children served as controls for the anorectal manometry. Constipation affected 26 of 29, defecation distress eight and faecal incontinence 16 of the index children, but incontinence was mild in most cases.

Anorectal function of children with neurological problems. I: Spina bifida.

Anorectal function was assessed with anorectal manometry in 45 children with spina bifida (21 girls and 24 boys, mean age 11 1/2 years). 24 enuretic children served as controls. The pressure in the first and second centimeters of the anal canal was lower among index children than controls and also lower among those with high spinal lesions compared with those with low lesions.

The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in men: an echocardiographic population screening study with a review of death records.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in 3607 men from the Reykjavik study of 1979-81. Of these, 452 men had an abnormal (group A) and 3155 a normal electrocardiogram. An echocardiographic control group of 128 men was selected from cohorts with a normal electrocardiogram (group B).

Predictive value of apolipoproteins in a prospective survey of coronary artery disease in men.

Some studies have suggested that measurements of apolipoproteins may be valuable in the clinical assessment of susceptibility to coronary artery disease, over and above the lipoprotein lipids. Only a few of these studies have been prospective in nature and further knowledge is therefore needed to clarify the issue. The independent prognostic value of apolipoproteins (apo-B, apo-AI and apo[a]) with regard to coronary artery disease was estimated from a prospective survey among 1,332 randomly selected Icelandic men, aged 45 to 72 years, participating in a health survey from 1979 to 1981.

Perianal appearances associated with constipation.

The perianal appearances were studied prospectively of 136 constipated children (mean age 3.9 years, 67 boys, 69 girls). Anal dilatation, fissures, tags, warts, perianal oedema, redness, blueness, and veins were recorded.