Conjugation of Doxorubicin and Carbon-based-nanostructures for Drug Delivery against HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells.

Background: A drug delivery system is the method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. Such systems release the drugs at specific amounts in a specific site. The carbon based-nanomaterials have been actively used as drug carriers to treat various cancer.

Pituitary Apoplexy Secondary to Thrombocytopenia due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review.

Purpose: To report a 16-year-old female patient with pituitary apoplexy in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related thrombocytopenia in the absence of preexisting pituitary macroadenoma.

Methods: The patient had been admitted because of respiratory complications of COVID-19 infection and developed thrombocytopenia, intense headache, and symptoms of cavernous sinus syndrome.

Results: Urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain depicted a pituitary apoplexy.

Bilateral Vision Loss in an Adult Patient with Woakes' Syndrome: An Unprecedented Case.

Purpose: To report a rare case of Woakes' syndrome presented with bilateral vision loss.

Methods: A 28-year-old male with a 1-year history of vision loss in the left eye was referred to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic after sudden vision loss in his right eye. A detailed review of clinical findings and the presumed pathophysiological basis of vision loss was performed.

Accuracy of peripapillary OCTA in patients with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) segmentation in eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and healthy eyes.

Method: In this retrospective study, en face OCTA images of the optic disc of healthy eyes and eyes with unilateral acute NAION were obtained. The disc boundary and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segmentation were generated automatically by the instrument software and then corrected by 2 expert investigators.

Bilateral Visual Loss Caused by Pneumosinus Dilatans: Idiopathic Cases are not Always Reversible.

Purpose: To report a rare case of primary pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) and to specify the cardinal imaging findings associated with this condition.

Methods: A 20-year-old patient presented with bilateral profound visual loss as a result of primary PSD. A detailed review of clinical findings and presumed pathophysiological basis of vision loss was performed.

Comparing Two Inferior Oblique Weakening Procedures: Disinsertion versus Myectomy.

Purpose: To compare two methods for treating inferior oblique overaction (IOOA): disinsertion versus myectomy of the muscle.

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, patients were randomly assigned to undergo either IO myectomy or disinsertion. The changes in vertical and horizontal deviations following these two surgical procedures were evaluated.

The Adequate Number of Histopathology Cross-sections of Temporal Artery Biopsy in Establishing the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis.

Purpose: To determine the appropriate number of histopathological cross-sections that are required for a conclusive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the number of sections per slide for paraffin-embedded blocks for 100 randomly selected cases where GCA was suspected and those for negative temporal artery biopsies (TABs) were compared with the number of cross-sections per specimen for eight positive-TABs. All aforementioned examinations were conducted at our center from 2012 to 2016.

The Short-Term Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab on the Plasma Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Growth Parameters in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To determine the changes in serum levels of free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth parameters in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who received intravitreal injection of the bevacizumab (IVB).

Methods: A prospective interventional case series study, including 10 infants with Type 1 ROP was conducted. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum levels of VEGF and IGF-1 were measured before, 1 month and 2 months after treatment with IVB in both eyes.

Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD): Clinical and Genetic Features of 32 Iranian Patients.

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare congenital condition characterized by a selective predisposition to infections caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and other types of intra-macrophagic pathogens. The 16 genes associated with MSMD display a considerable level of allelic heterogeneity, accounting for 31 distinct disorders with variable clinical presentations and prognosis. Most of MSMD deficiencies are isolated, referred to as selective susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases.

Temporal Artery Biopsy for Diagnosing Giant Cell Arteritis: A Ten-year Review.

Purpose: To assess the use of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) in diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA) and to evaluate patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with suspected GCA who underwent TAB and had complete workup in a tertiary center in Iran between 2008 and 2017. The 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for early diagnosis of GCA were used for each patient for inclusion in this study.

Pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies in a tertiary lung center.

Background And Aims: Respiratory infections are expressed very soon in the life in humoral immunodeficiencies and often lead to chronic irreversible complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic airflow limitation. This study was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies to show the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Patients And Methods: The information of 48 patients involved with a type of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, including sex, type of primary immunodeficiency, age at the onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary radiological and functional abnormalities were recorded and analyzed.

Isolated unilateral sixth nerve palsy in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To describe an isolated unilateral sixth nerve palsy, as a rare neuro-ophthalmic presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report a 54-year-old female, known case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who was treated with chemo-radiotherapy, and presented with isolated right sixth nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated extension of tumor to intracranial fossa with clival involvement.

Isolated Unilateral Infiltrative Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with Breast Cancer.

Metastasis to the optic nerve is very rare. We report a case of metastatic breast cancer to the optic nerve head without the involvement of other ocular or orbital structures. The patient, a 39-year-old female who had been previously treated for breast cancer, reported a gradually progressive decrement in visual acuity of the right eye during the past two months.

Visual and Anatomical Outcomes of Spironolactone Therapy in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of spironolactone on chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, patients with chronic CSC were treated with spironolactone (25 mg daily) for at least 6 weeks. If the subretinal fluid (SRF) had not completely resolved by this time, treatment was continued, and the dosage was increased to 25 mg twice daily.

An Updated Review on the Most Common Agents Causing Toxic Optic Neuropathies.

Background: Toxic optic neuropathies (TONs) often present with a gradual and bilateral decrease in visual acuity, scotomas and optic disc pallor. Obtaining an accurate history is the critical first step in determining the etiology of TONs.

Methods: This updated review contains a thorough analysis of the current PubMed-indexed literature on the most common agents responsible for TONs, including methanol, ethambutol, amiodarone, linezolid, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.

Preparation of functionalized graphene oxide and its application as a nanoadsorbent for Hg(2+) removal from aqueous solution.

A poly(allyl acetoacetate)-grafted graphene oxide (GO-GAA) was successfully synthesized using Hummer's method by divinyl sulfone modification and allyl acetoacetate polymerizaton. This novel functionalized graphene oxide was characterized thoroughly by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and TG-DT analyses. GO-GAA was then employed as an adsorbent for Hg(2+) removal from aqueous solutions.

Visual and anatomic outcomes after conversion to aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 12-month results.

Purpose: To investigate 12-month outcomes of conversion to aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to ranibizumab.

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 19 consecutive patients received 3 monthly aflibercept injections followed by a pro re nata protocol. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were obtained before each injection.

Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Zinc(II) from Environmental Water Samples Using Ion Imprinted Activated Carbon.

A simple ion imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent was synthesized by coupling activated carbon with iminodiacetic acid, a functional compound for metal chelating, through cyanoric chloride spacer. The resulting sorbent has been characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis and evaluated for the preconcentration and determination of trace Zn(II) in environmental water samples. The optimum pH value for sorption of the metal ion was 6-7.

Surgical treatments in inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of surgical procedures in the treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) as a common disorder of ocular motility.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed on patients with primary and secondary IOOA who underwent three surgical treatment procedures including disinsertion, myectomy and anterior transposition, between 2001 and 2011. Type of strabismus, ocular alignment, presence of pre-and post-operative dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), pre- and post-operative degree of IOOA were obtained using specified checklist.

Anterior segment study with the Pentacam Scheimpflug camera in refractive surgery candidates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anterior segment measurements according to refractive status in a sample of the Iranian population.

Setting: Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Material And Methods: IN THIS STUDY, REFRACTIVE SURGERY CANDIDATES WERE ASSIGNED ACCORDING TO THE REFRACTIVE ERROR TO ONE OF THREE GROUPS : emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia.