Designing and additive manufacturing of talus implant for post-traumatic talus avascular necrosis: a case study.

New technologies in additive manufacturing and patient-specific CT-based custom implant designs make it possible for previously unimaginable salvage and limb-sparing operations a practical reality. This study presents the design and fabrication of a lattice-structured implant for talus replacement surgery. Our primary case involved a young adult patient who had sustained severe damage to the talus, resulting in avascular necrosis and subsequent bone collapse.

Stereolithography of ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: Influence of hydroxyapatite/silica ratio on mechanical properties.

In this paper, the results obtained in the development of ceramic resin feedstock for stereolithography are shown. Hydroxyapatite and silica are used as source of ceramic. Hydroxyapatite is extracted from bovine bone, which enhances bioactivity of ceramic scaffold.

The development of a novel copper-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle as a peroxidase mimetic for colorimetric biosensing and its application in HO and GSH assay.

In recent years, the development of nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimics as enzyme sensors has been attracting considerable interest due to their outstanding features, including potent stability, and cost-effectiveness toward natural enzymes. In this work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized by copper (Cu-MSN) were prepared as a new artificial enzyme for the first time through the sol-gel procedure. A comprehensive investigation of the catalytic activity of Cu-MSN was done through the oxidation of chromogenic peroxidase substrates, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), in the presence of HO.

Multifunctional polyethylene imine hybrids decorated by silica bioactive glass with enhanced mechanical properties, antibacterial, and osteogenesis for bone repair.

Inorganic/organic hybrids and bioactive glasses demonstrate promising potential as bone substitute biomaterials. A sol-gel hybrid consisting of silica bioactive glass and biodegradable polymer can combine the high bioactivity of a glass with the toughness of a polymer. In this study, multifunctional hybrids with a combination of organic-inorganic hybrid structure class II consisting of polyethyleneimine (PEI) generation 4 (G4) and bioactive glass with enhanced mechanical properties, mineralization, antibacterial, and osteogenesis activities were synthesized by the sol-gel method.

The association between dietary fats and the incidence risk of cardiovascular outcomes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: The association between dietary fats and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is under debate. We aimed to determine the potential effects of dietary saturated fats (SFA), mono-unsaturated (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids on the occurrence of CVD in an adult Asian population.

Methods: This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 2809 CVD-free adults, aged ≥ 19 years.

A novel colorimetric sensor for naked-eye detection of cysteine and Hg based on "on-off" strategy using Co/Zn-grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

In an attempt to explore the significance of inorganic mimetic enzymes as sensors, this study introduces a naked-eye analytical sensing platform for the detection of L-cysteine (cys), mercury ions (Hg) based on (turn off/turn-on) catalytic activity of zinc and cobalt grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). To this end, Zn-MSN and Co/Zn-MSN catalysts were synthesized and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Then, using the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of as-synthesized samples, the oxidation reactions of the chromogenic substrate (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)) was designed using HO, which produced green colored cation radical of ABTS.

Development of a novel approach for construction of high gradient braze-free S-band cavities.

Vacuum breakdown is one of the main limitations to the operating accelerating gradient in radio frequency linear accelerators. Recent studies of copper cavities have been shown that harder copper conditions more quickly and can reach higher accelerating gradients than soft copper cavities. Exploiting this advantage requires the development of assembly methods that do not involve the copper-softening high-temperature heating cycles that are used in for example bonding and brazing.

Does weight change modify the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice and the risk of metabolic syndrome?

Background & Aims: This study aimed to determine the prospective relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juice and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate whether weight change can modify this association in a representative sample of the population of Tehran, Iran.

Methods: In this 8.9-year follow-up study, the consumption of SSBs and 100% fruit juice by 1915 individuals, who participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), was examined using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors modifies the association between snack foods intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome.

Background: Intake of snack foods has been previously associated with an elevated risk of chronic disease; however, studies on snack foods and metabolic syndrome (MetS) while considering the modifying effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors on this association are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between snack foods intake and the MetS risk, and the mediatory effects of SES and lifestyle factors on the forenamed association among adults who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2018).

Methods: This is a prospective study of 1915 participants (male, 40.

Dietary phytochemical index associated with cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is useful and inexpensive method to identify the role of phytochemicals on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 261 participants aged 18-35 years with T1DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors.

Trends in dietary food groups and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score among adults: A longitudinal study from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2006-2017.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the secular trends of dietary food groups and diet quality among adults, overall and by sex, education, and employment status.

Methods: This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographic and anthropometric measurements were gathered using standard questionnaires.

Tailoring cysteine detection in colorimetric techniques using Co/Fe-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies focused on sensors for cysteine (Cys) as a crucial factor in physiological function and disease diagnosis. Among those sensors, nanomaterial-based peroxidase mimetics have received particular attention from researchers. This study introduces a new series of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) incorporated with iron and cobalt (Co/Fe-MSN) with a molar ratio of Si/Fe = 10 and cobalt species at 1, 3, and 5 wt% that have great potential in the sensing application.

Secular trend in dietary patterns of Iranian adults from 2006 to 2017: Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Background: Based on data regarding nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns reported from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017.

Methods: We investigated on four examination waves of TLGS, including wave 1 (2006-2008), wave 2 (2009-2011), wave 3 (2012-2014), and wave 4 (2015-2017), using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period.

Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load is associated with apelin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of adults.

Background: Apelin, as an adipokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrates were associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 adults who underwent minor abdominal surgery were selected.

A Prospective Study of Dietary Meat Intake and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of different meat intake and substitution of them with risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: At the baseline, habitual dietary intakes of 4881 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who were free of CKD were assessed by a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, total energy intake, triglycerides, body mass index, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes, was used to assess the relationship between major protein sources of food (total red meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed red meat) and incident CKD.

Association of nuts and unhealthy snacks with subclinical atherosclerosis among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Background: The process of atherosclerosis begins early in childhood and usually remains asymptomatic until later in life. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis could identify early vascular alterations. Unhealthy snacks consumption is associated with obesity and other CVD risk factors in children and adolescents.

Effectiveness of the national food supplementary program on children growth and nutritional status in Iran.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the national food distribution program on the growth and nutritional status of malnourished or growth-retarded children in 2 provinces of Iran. A quasi-experimental design was used for the effectiveness evaluation. Qualitative data were gathered to explain the results.

Template-Assisted Wet-Combustion Synthesis of Fibrous Nickel-Based Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Methanation and Methane Steam Reforming.

Efficient capture and recycling of CO enable not only prevention of global warming but also the supply of useful low-carbon fuels. The catalytic conversion of CO into an organic compound is a promising recycling approach which opens new concepts and opportunities for catalytic and industrial development. Here we report about template-assisted wet-combustion synthesis of a one-dimensional nickel-based catalyst for carbon dioxide methanation and methane steam reforming.

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Barium Zirconate Titanate (BZT) nanoparticle.

So far, the antibacterial activity of some organic and inorganic compounds has been studied. Barium zirconate titanate [Ba(ZrxTi₁-x)O₃] (x = 0.05) nanoparticle is an example of inorganic materials.

Mouse preimplantation embryos exhibit receptor-mediated binding and transcytosis of maternal insulin-like growth factor I.

High-resolution microscopy in conjunction with colloidal gold-labeled insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been used to provide evidence that the IGF-I receptor is first detected in 8-cell-stage mouse embryos, confirming the results of previous reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Specificity for the IGF-I receptor was demonstrated by displacement with unlabeled IGF-I and dual-labeling experiments with colloidal gold-labeled or unlabeled insulin. Labeled IGF-I ligand is internalized by means of receptor-mediated endocytosis following its concentration in coated pits, and it can be visualized within cytoplasmic organelles.

Galactose alpha 1-3 galactose and anti-alpha galactose antibody in normal and pathological pregnancies.

The galactose alpha 1-3 galactose (Gal alpha 1-3 Gal) residue is a carbohydrate widely distributed in many non-human mammals. Since Gal alpha 1-3 Gal residues are described on the cell surface of tumor cells, we have examined the possibility of their expression on human trophoblastic cells at different stages of placental implantation and in various pregnancy-associated conditions. Using immunohistochemical methods, Gal alpha 1-3 Gal was demonstrated on interstitial and vascular trophoblast during pregnancy.

Developmental expression and cellular localization of glucose transporter molecules during mouse preimplantation development.

Two general mechanisms mediate glucose transport, one is a sodium-coupled glucose transporter found in the apical border of intestinal and kidney epithelia, while the other is a sodium-independent transport system. Of the latter, several facilitated transporters have been identified, including GLUT1 (erythrocyte/brain), GLUT2 (liver) and GLUT4 (adipose/muscle) isoforms. In this study, we used Western-blot analysis and high resolution immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) to investigate the stage-related expression and cellular localization of GLUT1, 2 and 4.

Single dose fosfomycin trometamol versus multiple dose nitrofurantoin in pregnant women with bacteriuria: preliminary results.

Pregnancy induces anatomical and physiological changes in the urinary tract. In this condition a bacteriuria, even asymptomatic, may lead more frequently to pyelonephritis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women has therefore got to be treated.