ANCA-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-A Systematic Review.

As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports and case series published in three databases before January 2024 following PRISMA guidelines to understand the characteristics of possible causal relationships or coincidences. In total, 404 articles were screened respectively by title, abstracts, and full-texts.

The Role of Neutrophils in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: The Pathogenic Role and Diagnostic Utility of Autoantibodies.

Recent years have brought progress in understanding the role of the neutrophil, dispelling the dogma of homogeneous cells mainly involved in the prime defence against pathogens, shedding light on their pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases and on the importance of antineutrophil-cytoplasmic antibodies' pathogenic role in ANCA-associated vasculitides vasculitis (AAV). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) expressed in neutrophil granulocytes are the most common targets for ANCAs and contribute to the formation of MPO-ANCAs and PR3-ANCAs which, released to the bloodstream, become an excellent diagnostic tool for AAV. In this study, we focus on increasing the clinical and experimental evidence that supports the pathogenic role of ANCAs in AAV.

Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing problem nowadays, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is its predominant complication. Currently, DR diagnosis primarily relies on fundoscopic examination; however, novel biomarkers may facilitate that process and make it widely available. In this current review, we delve into the intricate roles of various factors and mechanisms in DR development, progression, prediction, and their association with therapeutic approaches linked to the underlying pathogenic pathways.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma: A Case Report.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) secondary to parathyroid gland adenoma is mildly symptomatic and thus often incidentally diagnosed. In this report, we present a case of a 46-year-old man who was treated for hypertension and other nonspecific complaints. An elevated level of blood calcium led to the suspicion of parathyroid adenoma.