The pattern of the follicle cell diversification in ovarian follicles of the true fruit flies, Tephritidae.

In flies (Diptera), the ovary displays several distinct patterns of the follicular epithelium formation and diversification. Two main patterns have been identified in the true flies or Brachycera, namely the Rhagio type and the Drosophila type. These patterns align with the traditional division of Brachycera into Orthorrhapha and Cyclorrhapha.

Design and synthesis of novel arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

The alarming increase in the resistance of bacteria to the currently available antibiotics necessitates the development of new effective antimicrobial agents that are active against bacterial pathogens causing major public health problems. For this purpose, our in-house libraries were screened against a wide panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, based on which compound I was selected for further optimization. Synthetic efforts in a group of arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines, followed with an in vitro evaluation of the activity against multidrug-resistant strains identified compound 44 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-{3-phenyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] propyl}piperidin-4-yl)urea).

Rapid tolerance to behavioral effects of ethanol in rats: Prevention by R-(-)-ketamine.

R-(-)-ketamine has emerged as a potentially improved medication over that of the (S)-isomer (marketed as Spravato for depression). Recent data have suggested (R)-ketamine could have value in the treatment of substance use disorder. The present set of experiments was undertaken to examine whether (R)-ketamine might prevent tolerance development.

Distinct cognitive and discriminative stimulus effects of ketamine enantiomers in rats.

Although (S)-ketamine was approved for use in treatment-resistant depression in 2019, new preclinical findings suggest that (R)-ketamine might produce better efficacy and tolerability relative to (S)-ketamine. Here we evaluated the effects of (R)-, (S)-, and (R,S)-ketamine on executive functions as measured in the attentional set shifting task (ASST) and on their discriminative stimulus effects in rats. Earlier data demonstrated that cognitive flexibility is compromised by (R,S)-ketamine, but the effects of enantiomers in rats are unknown.

Serotonin transporter deficiency alters socioemotional ultrasonic communication in rats.

It has been widely established that serotonin plays important role in the regulation of emotional and social behaviour. Rodents with a genetic deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) are used as a model to study lifelong consequences of increased extracellular 5-HT levels due to its impaired reuptake. SERT knock-out (SERT-KO) mice and rats consistently showed anxiety-like symptoms and social deficits.

Serotonin type 5A receptor antagonists inhibit D-lysergic acid diethylamide discriminatory cue in rats.

Purpose: Like other psychedelics, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affects numerous serotonin receptors, and according to the current dogma, the 5-HT receptors are considered the main target for its hallucinogenic effects. LSD, however, also displays agonistic activity at the 5-HT receptors, which mediate some of LSD-induced behavioural effects.

Methods: Using male Sprague Dawley rats, we examined the effects of 5-HT and 5-HT receptor antagonists on LSD-induced stimulus control in the two-lever drug discrimination test using a FR10 schedule of reinforcement.