Land-bridge calibration of molecular clocks and the post-glacial Colonization of Scandinavia by the Eurasian field vole Microtus agrestis.

Phylogeography interprets molecular genetic variation in a spatial and temporal context. Molecular clocks are frequently used to calibrate phylogeographic analyses, however there is mounting evidence that molecular rates decay over the relevant timescales. It is therefore essential that an appropriate rate is determined, consistent with the temporal scale of the specific analysis.

Low major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) variation in the European bison (Bison bonasus).

Variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I of the European bison was characterized in a sample of 99 individuals using both classical cloning/Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. Three common (frequencies: 0.348, 0.

Polymerase chain reaction multiplexing of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphism markers for quantitative trait loci mapping of wild house mice.

We tested 96 microsatellites and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms for their allelic distribution in two subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus.