Phylogenetic analysis of the trypanosomatid parasite in honey bees () in Poland.

Introduction: () is a single-celled flagellate which colonises the bee gastrointestinal tract and is highly prevalent in honey bees. This parasite is associated with colony losses. Honey bee () colonies were sampled from five apiaries in the north-eastern part of Poland for the phylogenetic analysis of .

Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica from Polish cattle and their carcasses.

Background: Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous bacterial species that has been divided into six biotypes and more than 70 serotypes. Each year, the European Food Safety Authority classifies yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica as one of the most important zoonotic diseases.

Assessment of the Role of Free-Living and Farmed Fallow Deer () as A Potential Source of Human Infection with Multiple-Drug-Resistant Strains of and .

and are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria that cause yersiniosis-one of the most important zoonotic diseases of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of potentially human-pathogenic and strains in free-living and farmed fallow deer, and to evaluate their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. A total of 372 rectal swabs were analyzed, including 262 from free-living and 110 from farmed fallow deer.

Comparison of DNA Isolation from Swabs Without Pre-Enrichment on Selective Media With Isolation Preceded by Warm and Cold Enrichment.

Bacteriological methods for the identification of are laborious and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to compare DNA isolation from swabs without pre-enrichment on selective media with isolation preceded by warm and cold enrichment. The material for the study consisted of 150 rectal swabs taken from 50 clinically healthy fattening pigs.

Evaluation of the Correlation between the mRNA Expression Levels of and Genes in Strains with Different Enterotoxic Properties.

is one of the main causative agents of human diarrhea. Pigs are a reservoir and the most common source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of and genes in strains with different enterotoxic properties, isolated from humans and pigs.

The Prevalence of and in Small Wild Rodents in Poland.

Rodents are a large group of mammals that can be carriers of zoonotic pathogens such as strains that cause yersiniosis. The prevalence of and was determined in 214 small wild rodents from south-eastern Poland. Samples were analyzed by precultivation and PCR.

Bioserotypes, Virulence Markers, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds.

The risk of meat contamination with poses a threat to consumers and persons who come into contact with bird carcasses. The occurrence of . in the vast majority of migratory game species, the capercaillie, and the black grouse has never been studied in Poland, Europe, or in the world.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) in Poland.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia (E.) coli (STEC) pathogens are responsible for the outbreaks of serious diseases in humans, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), bloody diarrhoea (BD) and diarrhoea (D), and they pose a significant public health concern. Wild ruminants are an important environmental reservoir of foodborne pathogens that can cause serious illnesses in humans and contaminate fresh products.

Phenotypic and genotypic presence of the Yersinia virulence plasmid do not affect the production of enterotoxin YstA by Yersinia enterocolitica strains.

The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of the Yersinia virulence plasmid could affect the production of enterotoxin YstA by Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs which are the main source of infection for humans. The phenotypic features characteristic for the Yersinia virulence plasmid were detected on CRMOX agar in 8 out of 12 strains producing enterotoxin YstA, in 5 out of 12 doubtful strains, and in 11 out of 12 strains not producing YstA.

The Most Important Virulence Markers of and Their Role during Infection.

is the causative agent of yersiniosis, a zoonotic disease of growing epidemiological importance with significant consequences for public health. This pathogenic species has been intensively studied for many years. Six biotypes (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, 5) and more than 70 serotypes of have been identified to date.

The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in game animals in Poland.

Natural reservoirs of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica comprise different animal species, but little is known about the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of yersiniosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Y.

Characterisation of ail-positive Yersinia enterocolitica of different biotypes using HRMA.

Yersiniosis is one of the four most frequent foodborne zoonotic diseases in Europe, and Yersinia enterocolitica is the primary agent in human infections. The ail gene is an important chromosomal virulence marker of Y. enterocolitica which encodes Ail, a 17-kDa outer membrane protein that promotes attachment and invasion.

A study of single nucleotide polymorphism in the ystB gene of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from various wild animal species.

Introduction And Objective: Y. enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis. The objective of the article was a study of single nucleotide polymorphism in the ystB gene of Y.

Detection and characterisation of Yersinia enterocolitica strains in cold-stored carcasses of large game animals in Poland.

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen. The aim of the present study was to identify the bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y.enterocolitica strains isolated from three different anatomical regions of cold-stored carcasses of large game animals intended for human consumption.

Yersiniosis - a zoonotic foodborne disease of relevance to public health.

Introduction: Y. enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis - a foodborne zoonosis with substantial importance to public health. Y.

Ultrasonographic fetometry formulas of inner chorionic cavity diameter and biparietal diameter for medium-sized dogs can be used in giant breeds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the ultrasonographic fetometry method, involving inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) and biparietal diameter (BP) measurements, to predict the parturition date in giant breed dogs. Overall, 30 ICC and 24 BP measurements were taken on 24 giant breed bitches. The measured values were substituted into Luvoni and Grioni (2000) formulas for medium-sized bitches because formulas with ICC and BP to dogs with a body mass greater than 40 kg have not been defined.

The use of the HRM method for identifying possible mutations in the ymoA gene region and evaluating their influence on the enterotoxic properties of Y. enterocolitica strains.

Background: The yst gene that encodes the production of Yst enterotoxins is one of the most important and reliable virulence markers. Its ability to produce Yst has been demonstrated in pathogenic strains isolated from clinical cases of yersiniosis with diarrhea. However, not all yst positive strains produce enterotoxins.

Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).

Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis in different animal species and in humans. Food contaminated with Y. enterocolitica is the main source of infection for humans, and swine plays a major role in the transmission of the disease.