Evaluation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) on Physical Performance, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Muscle Status in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with chronic inflammation, a sedentary lifestyle, and ageing. However, there exists no drug, which is safe and effective for long-term use. Ashwagandha ( (L.

A RAD18-UBC13-PALB2-RNF168 axis mediates replication fork recovery in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells.

BRCA1/2 proteins function in genome stability by promoting repair of double-stranded DNA breaks through homologous recombination and by protecting stalled replication forks from nucleolytic degradation. In BRCA1/2-deficient cancer cells, extensively degraded replication forks can be rescued through distinct fork recovery mechanisms that also promote cell survival. Here, we identified a novel pathway mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18, the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC13, the recombination factor PALB2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 and PCNA ubiquitination that promotes fork recovery in BRCA1- but not BRCA2-deficient cells.

Stereoelectroencephalography of the Deep Brain: Basal Ganglia and Thalami.

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has emerged as a transformative tool in epilepsy surgery, shedding light on the complex network dynamics involved in focal epilepsy. This review explores the role of SEEG in elucidating the role of deep brain structures, namely the basal ganglia and thalamus, in epilepsy. SEEG advances understanding of their contribution to seizure generation, propagation, and control by permitting precise and minimally invasive sampling of these brain regions.

Patterns of antiseizure medication utilization in the Human Epilepsy Project.

Objective: This study was undertaken to ascertain the natural history and patterns of antiseizure medication (ASM) use in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy patients who were initially started on monotherapy.

Methods: The data were derived from the Human Epilepsy Project. Differences between the durations of the most commonly first prescribed ASM monotherapies were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model.

EEG Source Localization in Temporal Encephaloceles: Concordance With Surgical Resection and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: Temporal encephaloceles are a cause of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; however, their relationship with epileptogenesis is unclear, and optimal surgical resection is uncertain. EEG source localization (ESL) may guide surgical decision-making.

Methods: We reviewed patients at Mayo Clinic Rochester with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal encephaloceles, who underwent limited resection and had 1-year outcomes.

Hyperinsulinemia: an early biomarker of metabolic dysfunction.

Introduction: Hyperinsulinemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance and normal HbA1c is considered indicative of pre-diabetes. Very few Indian studies have focused on hyperinsulinemia particularly in young adults. The present study aimed to determine whether hyperinsulinemia may be present despite HbA1c being normal.

Temporal encephalocele: An epileptogenic focus confirmed by direct intracranial electroencephalography.

Several studies have suggested the epileptogenic potential of temporal encephaloceles. However, there is limited literature describing the results of intracranial EEG monitoring for patients with temporal encephaloceles. We describe a 19 year-old right-handed woman with drug-resistant epilepsy who presented with seizure onset at age 16 in the setting of a left temporal encephalocele where the seizure onset zone was confirmed to be the encephalocele via stereo EEG (sEEG).

Cenobamate in Generalized Epilepsy and Combined Generalized and Focal Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Cenobamate (CNB) is a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved antiseizure medication (ASM) for focal-onset seizures; however, its potential clinical effectiveness as a broad-spectrum ASM is not established. CNB has a proposed dual mechanism of action with preferential blockade of persistent sodium currents and positive allosteric modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor. We evaluated the efficacy of CNB in drug refractory patients with genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) or combined generalized and focal epilepsies (CGFE), including developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

NEDDylated Cullin 3 mediates the adaptive response to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors.

DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP11) inhibitors are mainstays of anticancer therapy. These drugs trap TOP1 on DNA, stabilizing the TOP1-cleavage complex (TOP1-cc). The accumulation of TOP1-ccs perturbs DNA replication fork progression, leading to DNA breaks and cell death.

Centromedian Nucleus of the Thalamus Deep Brain Stimulation for Genetic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

There is a paucity of treatment options for cognitively normal individuals with drug resistant genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be a viable treatment for GGE. Here, we present the case of a 27-year-old cognitively normal woman with drug resistant GGE, with childhood onset.

Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors-Glucose Metabolism, Hyperinsulinemia, Selected Markers of Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents and Young Adults.

A large percentage of the Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. This study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction-blood glucose, lipids, insulin and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults aged 16-25 years from Mumbai city.

Smc5/6 functions with Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 to complete chromosome replication at natural pause sites.

Smc5/6 is essential for genome structural integrity by yet unknown mechanisms. Here we find that Smc5/6 co-localizes with the DNA crossed-strand processing complex Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 (STR) at genomic regions known as natural pausing sites (NPSs) where it facilitates Top3 retention. Individual depletions of STR subunits and Smc5/6 cause similar accumulation of joint molecules (JMs) composed of reversed forks, double Holliday Junctions and hemicatenanes, indicative of Smc5/6 regulating Sgs1 and Top3 DNA processing activities.

Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of post-thrombectomy seizures in the extended time window.

Mechanical thrombectomy 6-24 h after the last time where a patient was known to be without signs or symptoms of a stroke is the standard of care for patients with a stroke due to large vessel occlusion. This is referred to as thrombectomy within an extended time window. There have been very few studies looking at patients who had seizures within the first week (early post-stroke seizures) following mechanical thrombectomy in this extended time window.

A Clinical Study of a Standardized Extract of Leaves of (Roxb ex DC) in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Context: had shown anti-osteoporotic and fracture-healing activities in animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Standardized extract of leaves of (SEL-Ds) was clinically evaluated for osteoporosis.

Aims: To investigate the anti-osteoporotic activity of in PMO by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), biochemical markers, and effect on clinical profile.

Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severely debilitating yet underdiagnosed condition in patients with diabetes. The prevalence can range from 2.5% (based on the primary prevention cohort in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) to as high as 90% of patients with type 1 diabetes.

An Indian, Comic-based, Online-EEG Paradigm for Theory of Mind: An Exploratory, Pilot Study on Schizophrenia Patients.

Background: False-belief (FB) tasks are used to assess the theory of mind (ToM) functioning, which has been found to be impaired in schizophrenia. FB task stimuli used so far in neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia have been sentence-based ones. We aimed to validate an Indian, colour-comic based FB task by using an online-electroencephalogram (EEG) paradigm discriminating schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

Blinding Retinopathy of Prematurity in Western India: Characteristics of Children, Reasons for Late Presentation and Impact on Families.

Objective: To ascertain why children with end-stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) become blind, and to explore the impact of blindness on families.

Design: Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods.

Setting: Tertiary-care eye hospital in India.

Mobile unit for retinopathy of prematurity screening and management at urban Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Outcomes and impact assessment.

Purpose: To study the outcomes and impact of a mobile unit for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening and management at urban Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

Study Design: Public health intervention study.

Methods: This study was conducted in 2012.